Volcanoes/Volcanism/Quiz

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This view of the topography over Campi Flegrei shows the relative relief caused by volcanic remnants. Credit: MeteoWeb.

Volcanism is a lecture and an article about remnants of volcanic activity that occur in, on, around and between volcanic rocks. It is a volcanoes lecture offered by the astronomy department and the school of geology.

You are free to take this quiz based on volcanism at any time.

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Quiz

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Ignore the questions' coefficients:

1. Yes or No, Bentonite is a porous clay formed by the decomposition of volcanic ash that swells 5 to 6 times its original volume in the presence of water.

Yes
No

2. Which chemical phenomenon are associated with the Earth?

quartz is the second most abundant mineral
an atmosphere containing CO2
green, red, blue, and yellow airglow
the production and escape of hot H+ ions
oxygen emissions
helium ions

3. Yes or No, Any of several impure clay minerals consisting mostly of montmorillonite is called a bentonite.

Yes
No

4. With respect to protoplanetary disks what green mineral has been found?

5. True or False, Bentonites are volcanism, or remnants of volcanic activity, even though they are metamorphic sediments or rocks.

TRUE
FALSE

6. Observations of Io have benefited greatly from what phenomenon?

a dense, opaque atmosphere
lightning
extensive meteorite cratering
a flattening out
liquid hydrocarbon lakes
the reflected light of allotropes and compounds of sulfur

7. Moldavite is a mineral that may be associated with what green astronomy phenomenon?

predicting the end of the Earth
determine the accuracy of local computers
meteorite impacts
demonstrating that Venus was once a comet
predict when currently dormant volcanoes will erupt
green fireballs

8. Which of the following are associated with greenstone belts?

metamorphosed mafic sequences
ultramafic volcanic sequences
Archaean and Proterozoic cratons
chlorite
Humphreys series
Rydberg series
green hue of metamorphic minerals

9. True or False, A clay of the illite group that contains potassium and is formed by alteration of volcanic ash is called potassium bentonite.

TRUE
FALSE

10. A terrestrial planet is composed primarily of?

11. True or False, The XRS aboard the MESSENGER spacecraft maps mineral composition.

TRUE
FALSE

12. Complete the text:

At its effective temperature of 1250 K, the atmosphere of the extrasolar planet 51 Pegasus B has clouds composed of and .

13. Yes or No, Bentonites are clay rocks consisting predominantly of smectite.

Yes
No

14. Soil samples from the mare of the Moon reflect primarily cyan due to the presence in the soils of what?

15. Yes or No, Extensive bentonite deposits, linked to large eruptions, have formed repeatedly in the past.

Yes
No

16. Phenomena associated with some meteorites?

have a gaseous surface
long nickel-iron crystals
octahedrite
kamacite
taenite
plessite

17. Yes or No, Bentonite layers are useful for stratigraphic correlation and for interpreting the geodynamic evolution of our planet.

Yes
No

18. Purpurite is a natural mineral pigment composed of what likely source of violet or purple?

19. Yes or No, Bentonites generally form by diagenetic or hydrothermal alteration, favoured by fluids that leach alkali elements and by high Mg content.

Yes
No

20. True or False, Smectite composition is partly controlled by parent rock chemistry.

TRUE
FALSE

21. Any remnants of the natural phenomena and processes associated with the action of volcanoes, geysers and fumaroles, especially any remnants of past volcanic activity, are called?

22. Yes or No, Greenstone belts are zones of variably metamorphosed mafic to ultramafic volcanic sequences.

Yes
No

23. Which of the following is involved in planetary astronomy more so than planetary science?

the occurrence of cyan rock types on the surface of rocky objects
the Earth and other rocky objects have a cyan mineral containing mantle
checking equations about complex systems
the advantages of a 490 nm band pass
digging holes in the surface of the Moon
surface temperatures low enough to produce methane lakes

24. Yes or No, In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations.

Yes
No

25. Silicates occur as part of the rocky surface beneath a visually opaque cloud layer on what planet?

26. Early Archean serpentine mud volcanoes occur in Isua?

27. True or False, Optical reflectance studies of Mercury provide evidence for Mg silicates.

TRUE
FALSE

28. Which of the following are radiation astronomy phenomena associated with the apparent liquid-object Earth?

rain
snow
hail
neutron emission
polar coronal holes
meteor emission
rotation

29. Yes or No, Isua's volcanic rocks carry boron-rich tourmalines.

Yes
No

30. Which of the following is not a radiation phenomenon associated with a crater?

strata
elongated dust particles
high albedo
olivine
Rayleighs
volcanoes

31. Yes or No, Fort Portal is a tuff cone that is volcano number 223001, with a last known eruption dated to 4120 b2k.

Yes
No

32. Yes or No, The Hopi Buttes volcanic field consists of ~300 late Miocene volcanic centers within ~ 1800 km2 of the field, located in northeastern Arizona.

Yes
No

Your score is 0 / 0

Research

Hypothesis:

  1. Most of the volcanism found on Earth does occur elsewhere.

Control groups

This is an image of a Lewis rat. Credit: Charles River Laboratories.

The findings demonstrate a statistically systematic change from the status quo or the control group.

“In the design of experiments, treatments [or special properties or characteristics] are applied to [or observed in] experimental units in the treatment group(s).[1] In comparative experiments, members of the complementary group, the control group, receive either no treatment or a standard treatment.[2]"[3]

Proof of concept

Def. a “short and/or incomplete realization of a certain method or idea to demonstrate its feasibility"[4] is called a proof of concept.

Def. evidence that demonstrates that a concept is possible is called proof of concept.

The proof-of-concept structure consists of

  1. background,
  2. procedures,
  3. findings, and
  4. interpretation.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Klaus Hinkelmann, Oscar Kempthorne (2008). Design and Analysis of Experiments, Volume I: Introduction to Experimental Design (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-72756-9. http://books.google.com/?id=T3wWj2kVYZgC&printsec=frontcover.
  2. ↑ R. A. Bailey (2008). Design of comparative experiments. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-68357-9. http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521683579.
  3. ↑ "Treatment and control groups, In: Wikipedia". San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. May 18, 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
  4. ↑ "proof of concept, In: Wiktionary". San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. November 10, 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  5. ↑ Ginger Lehrman and Ian B Hogue, Sarah Palmer, Cheryl Jennings, Celsa A Spina, Ann Wiegand, Alan L Landay, Robert W Coombs, Douglas D Richman, John W Mellors, John M Coffin, Ronald J Bosch, David M Margolis (August 13, 2005). "Depletion of latent HIV-1 infection in vivo: a proof-of-concept study". Lancet 366 (9485): 549-55. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67098-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1894952/. Retrieved 2012-05-09.

External links

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Development status: this resource is experimental in nature.
Educational level: this is a research resource.
Resource type: this resource is a quiz.
Subject classification: this is an astronomy resource.
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