Volcanoes/Volcanic minerals/Quiz

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This image is a visual close up of green sand which is actually olivine crystals that have been eroded from lava rocks. Credit: Brocken Inaglory.

Volcanic minerals is a lecture and an article about minerals that occur in, on, around and between volcanic rocks. It is a volcanoes lecture offered by the astronomy department and the school of geology.

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Quiz

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Ignore the questions' coefficients:

1. Yes or No, Forsterite is associated with igneous and metamorphic rocks and has also been found in meteorites.

Yes
No

2. Which chemical phenomenon are associated with the Earth?

quartz is the second most abundant mineral
an atmosphere containing CO2
green, red, blue, and yellow airglow
the production and escape of hot H+ ions
oxygen emissions
helium ions

3. Yes or No, The pyroxenes are a group of important rock-forming inosilicate minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Yes
No

4. With respect to protoplanetary disks what green mineral has been found?

5. True or False, Coesite and stishovite can only be formed by intense pressure, but moderate temperatures.

TRUE
FALSE

6. Observations of Io have benefited greatly from what phenomenon?

a dense, opaque atmosphere
lightning
extensive meteorite cratering
a flattening out
liquid hydrocarbon lakes
the reflected light of allotropes and compounds of sulfur

7. Moldavite is a mineral that may be associated with what green astronomy phenomenon?

predicting the end of the Earth
determine the accuracy of local computers
meteorite impacts
demonstrating that Venus was once a comet
predict when currently dormant volcanoes will erupt
green fireballs

8. Which of the following are associated with greenstone belts?

metamorphosed mafic sequences
ultramafic volcanic sequences
Archaean and Proterozoic cratons
chlorite
Humphreys series
Rydberg series
green hue of metamorphic minerals

9. True or False, A plume of water ice particles emanating from Enceladus is reaching altitudes as high as 400 km above the surface.

TRUE
FALSE

10. A terrestrial planet is composed primarily of?

11. True or False, The XRS aboard the MESSENGER spacecraft maps mineral composition.

TRUE
FALSE

12. Complete the text:

At its effective temperature of 1250 K, the atmosphere of the extrasolar planet 51 Pegasus B has clouds composed of and .

13. Yes or No, Fluorapatite occurs widely as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks and in calcium rich metamorphic rocks.

Yes
No

14. Soil samples from the mare of the Moon reflect primarily cyan due to the presence in the soils of what?

15. Yes or No, Tanzanite is found only in the foothills of Mount Kilimanjaro.

Yes
No

16. Phenomena associated with some meteorites?

have a gaseous surface
long nickel-iron crystals
octahedrite
kamacite
taenite
plessite

17. Yes or No, Blueschist is a metavolcanic rock that forms by the metamorphism of basalt and rocks.

Yes
No

18. Purpurite is a natural mineral pigment composed of what likely source of violet or purple?

19. Yes or No, Hauyne, haüyne or hauynite occurs in Vesuvian lavas in Monte Somma, Italy.

Yes
No

20. True or False, Cubanite occurs in high temperature hydrothermal deposits with pyrrhotite and pentlandite as intergrowths with chalcopyrite.

TRUE
FALSE

21. Red ochre is a natural pigment composed of what likely source of red?

22. Yes or No, Microlite is a mineral in the pyrochlore group that occurs in pegmatites and constitutes an ore of tantalum.

Yes
No

23. Which of the following is involved in planetary astronomy more so than planetary science?

the occurrence of cyan rock types on the surface of rocky objects
the Earth and other rocky objects have a cyan mineral containing mantle
checking equations about complex systems
the advantages of a 490 nm band pass
digging holes in the surface of the Moon
surface temperatures low enough to produce methane lakes

24. Yes or No, Orpiment is an orange to yellow mineral that is found worldwide [on Earth], and occurs as a sublimation product in volcanic fumaroles, low temperature hydrothermal veins, hot springs and as a byproduct of the decay of another arsenic mineral, realgar.

Yes
No

25. Silicates occur as part of the rocky surface beneath a visually opaque cloud layer on what planet?

26. Orpiment is a natural mineral pigment composed of what likely source of orange?

27. True or False, Optical reflectance studies of Mercury provide evidence for Mg silicates.

TRUE
FALSE

28. Which of the following are radiation astronomy phenomena associated with the apparent liquid-object Earth?

rain
snow
hail
neutron emission
polar coronal holes
meteor emission
rotation

29. True or False, Water ice has been detected on the surface of an asteroid.

TRUE
FALSE

30. Which of the following is not a radiation phenomenon associated with a crater?

strata
elongated dust particles
high albedo
olivine
Rayleighs
volcanoes

31. Yes or No, Breithauptite occurs in hydrothermal calcite veins associated with cobalt–nickel–silver ores.

Yes
No

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Research

Hypothesis:

  1. Most of the colorful minerals found on Earth do not seem to occur anywhere else.

Control groups

This is an image of a Lewis rat. Credit: Charles River Laboratories.

The findings demonstrate a statistically systematic change from the status quo or the control group.

“In the design of experiments, treatments [or special properties or characteristics] are applied to [or observed in] experimental units in the treatment group(s).[1] In comparative experiments, members of the complementary group, the control group, receive either no treatment or a standard treatment.[2]"[3]

Proof of concept

Def. a “short and/or incomplete realization of a certain method or idea to demonstrate its feasibility"[4] is called a proof of concept.

Def. evidence that demonstrates that a concept is possible is called proof of concept.

The proof-of-concept structure consists of

  1. background,
  2. procedures,
  3. findings, and
  4. interpretation.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Klaus Hinkelmann, Oscar Kempthorne (2008). Design and Analysis of Experiments, Volume I: Introduction to Experimental Design (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-72756-9. http://books.google.com/?id=T3wWj2kVYZgC&printsec=frontcover.
  2. ↑ R. A. Bailey (2008). Design of comparative experiments. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-68357-9. http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521683579.
  3. ↑ "Treatment and control groups, In: Wikipedia". San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. May 18, 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
  4. ↑ "proof of concept, In: Wiktionary". San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. November 10, 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  5. ↑ Ginger Lehrman and Ian B Hogue, Sarah Palmer, Cheryl Jennings, Celsa A Spina, Ann Wiegand, Alan L Landay, Robert W Coombs, Douglas D Richman, John W Mellors, John M Coffin, Ronald J Bosch, David M Margolis (August 13, 2005). "Depletion of latent HIV-1 infection in vivo: a proof-of-concept study". Lancet 366 (9485): 549-55. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67098-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1894952/. Retrieved 2012-05-09.

External links

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Development status: this resource is experimental in nature.
Educational level: this is a research resource.
Resource type: this resource is a quiz.
Subject classification: this is an astronomy resource.
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