Universals/Quiz

< Universals

Universals is a lecture offering from the school of linguistics. It is also included in the semantics project.

Try this quiz to see if your native knowledge is already top-of-the-line or better. You are free to take this quiz at any time and as many times as you wish. It is part of Wikiversity's dedication to learning by doing.

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Quiz

Point added for a correct answer:   
Points for a wrong answer:
Ignore the questions' coefficients:

1. True or False, Universals may last for five thousand years.

TRUE
FALSE

2. Which of the following is likely to be true with respect to universals?

they come from an inward facing culture
they have been spread by conquest
universals are seldom spread at the point of a gun
universals are very spread out in all languages
they come from decentralized and democratized nations
they are spread by trade
they are not associated with a major religion
they are expressed in a flexible alphabetic system of writing that can encompass virtually any language

3. True or False, The relation between a universal and its expresser is a part of pragmatics.

TRUE
FALSE

4. An apparent sign that may be an expression of a thought is a?

5. True or False, A control group may be used in universals to demonstrate no effect or a standard effect versus a novel effort applied to a treatment group.

TRUE
FALSE

6. Which of the following is likely to be in a control group for assessing universals?

one or more relations
an accepted set of formats for signs
a liquid nitrogen dewar
an active speaker
a possible artifact
a wide temperature range for respondent stability

7. Yes or No, You are in the middle of an open field of beautifully colored, pleasantly smelling, edible wildflowers. You've just picked one and are now munching on it. You feel you are being watched. You gesture a universal that means "I won't hurt you, unless you try to hurt me." while turning around. Is pragmatics involved in your situation?

No
Yes

8. Complete the text:

Pragmatics is an approach to .

9. True or False, A dominant group pushing universals differs from a control group in that it rules the treatment of the control group.

TRUE
FALSE

10. Evidence that demonstrates that a model or idea versus a control group is feasible with respect to universals is called a

.

11. Complete the text:

A short or realization of a certain or idea to a treament's feasibility of universals is called a proof of .

12. True or False, Pure universals involve no doing apart from themselves.

TRUE
FALSE

13. Complete the text:

A proof-of-concept structure, including a control group, consists of , procedures, findings, and .

14. True or False, The purpose of a treatment group for universals is to describe natural processes or phenomena for the first time relative to a control group.

TRUE
FALSE

Your score is 0 / 0

Research

Hypothesis:

  1. Using a universal phonetic symbol one or more words, expressions, or popular noises can be presented to produce pronunciation.

Control groups

This is an image of a Lewis rat. Credit: Charles River Laboratories.

The findings demonstrate a statistically systematic change from the status quo or the control group.

“In the design of experiments, treatments [or special properties or characteristics] are applied to [or observed in] experimental units in the treatment group(s).[1] In comparative experiments, members of the complementary group, the control group, receive either no treatment or a standard treatment.[2]"[3]

Proof of concept

Def. a “short and/or incomplete realization of a certain method or idea to demonstrate its feasibility"[4] is called a proof of concept.

Def. evidence that demonstrates that a concept is possible is called proof of concept.

The proof-of-concept structure consists of

  1. background,
  2. procedures,
  3. findings, and
  4. interpretation.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Klaus Hinkelmann, Oscar Kempthorne (2008). Design and Analysis of Experiments, Volume I: Introduction to Experimental Design (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-72756-9. http://books.google.com/?id=T3wWj2kVYZgC&printsec=frontcover.
  2. ↑ R. A. Bailey (2008). Design of comparative experiments. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-68357-9. http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521683579.
  3. ↑ "Treatment and control groups, In: Wikipedia". San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. May 18, 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
  4. ↑ "proof of concept, In: Wiktionary". San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. November 10, 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  5. ↑ Ginger Lehrman and Ian B Hogue, Sarah Palmer, Cheryl Jennings, Celsa A Spina, Ann Wiegand, Alan L Landay, Robert W Coombs, Douglas D Richman, John W Mellors, John M Coffin, Ronald J Bosch, David M Margolis (August 13, 2005). "Depletion of latent HIV-1 infection in vivo: a proof-of-concept study". Lancet 366 (9485): 549-55. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67098-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1894952/. Retrieved 2012-05-09.

External links

This is a research project at http://en.wikiversity.org

Development status: this resource is experimental in nature.
Educational level: this is a research resource.
Resource type: this resource is a quiz.
Subject classification: this is a linguistics resource.
Subject classification: this is a semantics resource.
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