Standard candles/Quiz

< Standard candles
The images show a standard candle. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/M. Marengo (Iowa State).

Standard candles is a lecture and an article about an optical astronomy technique for estimating distances beyond the capability of trigonometric parallax. It is also a mini-lecture for a quiz section as part of the astronomy course on the principles of radiation astronomy.

You are free to take this quiz based on standard candles at any time.

To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, and in the course template. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.

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Quiz

Point added for a correct answer:   
Points for a wrong answer:
Ignore the questions' coefficients:

1. Which of the following are associated with planetary nebula as a standard candle?

observations made through a narrow band 5007 filter
internal extinction
star forming regions
relatively dust-free environments
found in galaxies of all Hubble types
almost as luminous as the brightest red supergiants

2. Supernovae of Type Ia lack hydrogen lines and helium lines in their optical spectra; during the first month after maximum light they do have a strong absorption feature produced by the red doublet (λ6347, λ6371 Å) of singly ionized?

.

3. Which of the following are associated with surface brightness fluctuations as a standard candle?

characteristic mottling
discreteness of the stars
measurable bumpiness in surface brightness
incipient resolution
MMRDs
easy to recognize

4. True or False, The global HI 21-cm line-width corrected for projection is used as a measure of a galaxy's rotational velocity.

TRUE
FALSE

5. Which of the following are associated with red clump stars as a standard candle?

many examples within reach of parallax measurements
internal extinction
star forming regions
sufficiently bright
local group galaxies
almost as luminous as the brightest red supergiants

6. True or False, The most frequently preferred standard candle for distances to galaxies is the Type-II supernova.

TRUE
FALSE

7. Which of the following are associated with Type-Ia supernovae as a standard candle?

lack silicon lines
lack hydrogen lines
lack helium lines
lack lithium lines
expanding photosphere method
almost as luminous as the brightest red supergiants

8. True or False, Delta Cephei is a standard candle that is expanding.

TRUE
FALSE

9. AGNs may be used as standard candles because?

they are extremely luminous
can be observed at very large distances
they emit their own light signature
GeV gamma rays
reverberation mapping
tight relationship between the luminosity of an AGN and the radius of its broad line region

10. True or False, Messier 31 is a planetary nebula.

TRUE
FALSE

11. Which of the following are associated with globular clusters as a standard candle?

characteristic mottling
luminosity functions
turnover point
incipient resolution
dispersion of the distribution
easy to recognize
log-normal function

12. True or False, Betelgeuse is a standard candle.

TRUE
FALSE

13. Which of the following are associated with standard candles?

Cepheid variables
Type Ia supernovae
the Sun
stellar spectral type
absolute magnitude
Tully-Fisher relation

14. True or False, Stars whose distances have been accurately determined with trigonometric parallax can be used as standard candles.

TRUE
FALSE

15. Which of the following are associated with classical Cepheids as a standard candle?

characteristic mottling
young, disk objects
recent star formation
incipient resolution
pulsation phenomenon
easy to recognize
correction for absorption

16. Complete the text:

The empirical relationship between the luminosity of a spiral/irregular galaxy and its , known as the luminosity-line-width or , has become one of the most widely used distance indicators.

17. Which of the following are associated with elliptical galaxies as a standard candle?

observations made through a narrow band 5007 filter
luminous galaxies
star forming regions
the Faber-Jackson relation
relationship between luminosity and central velocity dispersion
quantitative techniques based on Fourier or cross correlation methods
strongly clustered
single dominant young stellar population

18. Complete the text:

Match up the standard candle with a representative image:
Tully-Fisher relation - A
surface brightness fluctuations - B
absolute magnitude - C
globular clusters - D
active galactic nuclei - E
Type Ia supernova - F
classical Cepheid variable - G
novae - H
planetary nebula - I
65Cyb-LB3-apmag.jpg
Maximum magnitude-rate of decline for novae.gif
.
B-, R-, I-, and H-band Tully-Fisher relations.gif
.
Blackbody spectral density.gif
.
SN2005ke labels.jpg
.
A further away schematic galaxy.gif
.
1-agnsasanewst.jpg
.
Planetary nebulae H-R.gif
Luminosity function for globular clusters.gif
.

19. Which of the following are associated with novae as a standard candle?

luminous
old stellar population
amount of Cherenkov light
relatively dust-free environments
MMRDs
easy to recognize

Your score is 0 / 0

Research

Hypothesis:

  1. A size independent standard candle is a better type of standard candle.

Control groups

This is an image of a Lewis rat. Credit: Charles River Laboratories.

The findings demonstrate a statistically systematic change from the status quo or the control group.

“In the design of experiments, treatments [or special properties or characteristics] are applied to [or observed in] experimental units in the treatment group(s).[1] In comparative experiments, members of the complementary group, the control group, receive either no treatment or a standard treatment.[2]"[3]

Proof of concept

Def. a “short and/or incomplete realization of a certain method or idea to demonstrate its feasibility"[4] is called a proof of concept.

Def. evidence that demonstrates that a concept is possible is called proof of concept.

The proof-of-concept structure consists of

  1. background,
  2. procedures,
  3. findings, and
  4. interpretation.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Klaus Hinkelmann, Oscar Kempthorne (2008). Design and Analysis of Experiments, Volume I: Introduction to Experimental Design (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-72756-9. http://books.google.com/?id=T3wWj2kVYZgC&printsec=frontcover.
  2. ↑ R. A. Bailey (2008). Design of comparative experiments. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-68357-9. http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521683579.
  3. ↑ "Treatment and control groups, In: Wikipedia". San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. May 18, 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
  4. ↑ "proof of concept, In: Wiktionary". San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. November 10, 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  5. ↑ Ginger Lehrman and Ian B Hogue, Sarah Palmer, Cheryl Jennings, Celsa A Spina, Ann Wiegand, Alan L Landay, Robert W Coombs, Douglas D Richman, John W Mellors, John M Coffin, Ronald J Bosch, David M Margolis (August 13, 2005). "Depletion of latent HIV-1 infection in vivo: a proof-of-concept study". Lancet 366 (9485): 549-55. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67098-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1894952/. Retrieved 2012-05-09.

External links

This is a research project at http://en.wikiversity.org

Development status: this resource is experimental in nature.
Educational level: this is a research resource.
Resource type: this resource is a quiz.
Subject classification: this is an astronomy resource.
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