Sponges
| Sponge |
|
| Taxonomic classification |
|
| Domain: |
Eukaryota
|
|
|
| Kingdom: |
Animalia
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Phylum: |
Porifera*
Grant in Todd, 1836 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Included groups |
|
Calcarea
Hexactinellida
Demospongiae |
| Excluded groups |
|
Crown radiata |
|
Sponges (Phylum: Porifera) are asymmetric, multi-celled animals. They are sessile and aquatic, and lack nervous, digestive or circulatory systems. [1] There is evidence in the literature to suggest that animals may have evolved a nervous system twice. [2]
| Extant phyla of the animal kingdom by subkingdom |
|---|
| | Parazoa | Sponges (Calcarea, Demospongiae, Hexactinellida) · Placozoa ( Trichoplax) | | | Mesozoa | Orthonectida · Rhombozoa | | | Eumetazoa | Radiata | Ctenophora · Cnidaria (Anthozoa, Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Staurozoa, Myxozoa) | | Bilateria | Protostomia | Ecdysozoa | Cycloneuralia: Scalidophora (Kinorhyncha, Loricifera, Priapulida) · Nematoida (Nematoda, Nematomorpha)
Panarthropoda: Onychophora · Tardigrada · Arthropoda | | Spiralia | Platyzoa | Platyhelminthes · Gastrotricha
Gnathifera: Rotifera · Acanthocephala · Gnathostomulida · Micrognathozoa · Cycliophora | | Lophotrochozoa | Trochozoa (Sipuncula, Nemertea, Mollusca, Annelida)
Lophophorata (Bryozoa, Entoprocta, Phoronida, Brachiopoda) |
|
| | Deuterostomia | Ambulacraria | Hemichordata · Echinodermata · Xenoturbellida | | Chordata | Craniata (Vertebrata, Myxini) · Cephalochordata · Tunicata |
| | Basal/disputed | Acoelomorpha (Acoela, Nemertodermatida) · Chaetognatha |
|
|
|
References