Reproductive health/Glandular system

< Reproductive health

Exocrinology

Exocrine organs are glands with ducts.

Mammary gland and montgomery's glands are two exocrine organs.

Endocrinology

Endocrine organs are ductless glands.

Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus regulates hormone cycles. Neuroestradiol,[1] gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) ,[2] and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH)[2] are produced in the hypothalamus. Glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal gland due to stress promote GnIH and inhibit GnRh.[2]

Pituitary (hypophysis)

There is a link connecting the posterior pituitary to the anterior by a vein and to the hypothalamus.

Anterior (adenohypophysis)

Prolactin and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) are produced in the Anterior hypothalamus (adenohypophysis). MSH is responsible for pigments.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) regulates the thyroid gland: its growth and its functions.[3]

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACSH) regulates the adrenal gland and provides its cue for the hormone regulation of cortisol.[3]

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is responsible for estrogen.[3] Lutenizing hormone (LH) is also responsible for estrogen, along with testosterone, and progestin.[3] FSH and LH are gonadotrophins, and their production is controlled by either GnIH or GnRh.[4]

Somatotropin is responsible for overall growth.[3]

Posterior (neurohypophysis)

The hypothalamus regulates the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis), which in turn regulates the anterior pituitary.[3] Oxytocin and vassopressin (ADH) are made here in the neurohypophysis.

Adrenal glands

Glucocorticoids are produced by the adrenal glands.[2]

Corpus luteum

The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine organ that produces progesterone which is signaled by prolactin.[5]

References

  1. ↑ Adetunji (2013), "The brain also produces the sex hormone oestrogen", JCEM (The Conversation), doi:10.1210/jc.2013-2140, http://theconversation.com/the-brain-also-produces-the-sex-hormone-oestrogen-21194
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Sanders (2009), "Stress puts double whammy on reproductive system, fertility", PNAS (University of California - Berkeley), http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-06/uoc--spd061509.php
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "Pituitary gland". Britannica. (2012).
  4. ↑ Sanders (2009), "New human reproductive hormone could lead to novel contraceptives", PLoS ONE (University of California - Berkeley), http://phys.org/news180716736.html#nRlv
  5. ↑ "Prolactin". Encyclopedia Britannica. (2012).
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