Radiation astronomy/Quiz

< Radiation astronomy
This is a mosaic image taken by Mariner 10 of the rocky-object Mercury. Credit: NASA.

Radiation astronomy is the key introductory lecture and article of the course on the principles of radiation astronomy.

This is a quiz based on the lecture that you are free to take at any time or knowledge level.

Once you’ve read and studied the lecture itself, the links contained within it and listed under See also, you should have adequate background to take the quiz and score highly.

As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.

This quiz may need up to an hour to take and is equivalent to an hourly.

Enjoy learning by doing!

Quiz

Point added for a correct answer:   
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1. True or False, Extraterrestrial radiation sources only irradiate the surface of the Earth at night.

TRUE
FALSE

2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of radiation?

throwing a beam
a stream of charged or neutral particles
calculating the energy of a beam
sending out a traveling ray
a secondary-object hazard

3. Which of the following are radiation astronomy phenomena associated with the Sun?

the color of the upper rim as seen from Earth
an excess brightness at or near the edge of the Sun
the iron XIV green line
neutron emission
polar coronal holes
meteor emission
changes in the line-blanketing

4. True or False, The Hβ emission line does appear when the F492M filter is used on the Hubble Space Telescope because its wavelength is 486.1 nm.

TRUE
FALSE

5. Before the current era and perhaps before 6,000 b2k which classical planet may have been green?

6. Complete the text:

Capella B has a surface temperature of approximately , is spectral type , has an orbital period with Capella A of about , and is a variable.

7. True or False, A principle is a law or rule that has to be followed.

TRUE
FALSE

8. A cosmic ray may originate from what astronomical source?

Jupiter
the solar wind
the diffuse X-ray background
Mount Redoubt in Alaska
the asteroid belt
an active galactic nucleus

9. Which of the following are radiation astronomy phenomena associated with the rocky-object Io?

surface regions reflecting or emitting violet or purple
an excess brightness at or near the edge
red regions that may be phosphorus
neutron emission
polar coronal holes
meteor emission
rotation

10. True or False, Any small luminous blue dot appearing in the cloudless portion of the night sky, especially with a fixed location relative to other such dots is most likely to be an active galactic nucleus.

TRUE
FALSE

11. Azurite is a natural pigment composed of what likely source of blue?

12. Complete the text:

Vega has a surface temperature of approximately , is spectral type , has stellar companions in a binary or multiple star system, and is a suspected star.

13. True or False, A relativistic neutron may fly a megaparsec rather than undergo decay after about 14 minutes because its half-life may grow with energy.

TRUE
FALSE

14. The Larmor radius limits proton astronomy because of what characteristic of a proton?

the proton has a half-life of about one year
at the Larmor radius from the Sun the quarks inside a proton become unstable
at relativistic speeds the charge on a proton approaches zero
for very high speeds (almost relativistic) local or large scale magnetic fields produce little deflection
solar proton events may have a significant impact on the Earth's atmosphere
the proton has the same charge as the positron

15. Which of the following are radiation astronomy phenomena associated with the apparent liquid-object Earth?

rain
snow
hail
neutron emission
polar coronal holes
meteor emission
rotation

16. True or False, There are blue or blue mineral containing meteorites.

TRUE
FALSE

17. Beta rays, or beta particles, are more penetrating than what other Greek letter designated rays or particles?

18. True or False, During large solar flares, the region near Mercury may be strongly illuminated with solar neutrons.

TRUE
FALSE

19. Complete the text:

and radiation are best absorbed by atoms with heavy nuclei.

20. True or False, When an electron is accelerated to near relativistic speeds it is called a delta ray.

TRUE
FALSE

21. Which of the following is not characteristic of a neutrino?

neutrinos are affected by the weak nuclear force
produced by a positron annihilating an electron
a decay product of a neutron
produced by the near surface fusion on the Sun
may have a mass
comes in mutable varieties

22. Which of the following are radiation astronomy phenomena associated with the plasma-object the Sun?

coronal clouds
H1- ions
X-rays
neutron emission
polar coronal holes
meteor emission
rotation

23. True or False, There are red or red mineral containing meteorites.

TRUE
FALSE

24. Any natural object radiating through a portion or all of a natural object's atmosphere may be called a what?

25. Complete the text:

At the high end of the proton energy spectrum (above ≈ eV) the deflection becomes small enough that astronomy becomes possible.

26. True or False, X-ray bursts are the most luminous electromagnetic events known to occur in the universe.

TRUE
FALSE

27. Which of the following is not a phenomenon associated with optical astronomy?

actuators may be a part of active optics
the Vela satellites were the first devices in space ever to detect optical bursts
the Moon
an emission with a wavelength of 320 nm
adaptive optics
the color index

28. Which of the following are radiation astronomy phenomena associated with the gaseous-object Neptune?

Voyager 2
blue rays
clouds
neutron emission
polar coronal holes
meteor emission
rotation

29. True or False, There are violet or violet mineral containing meteorites.

TRUE
FALSE

30. Beta particles may be the key to?

31. Complete the text:

The particle was observed on the evening of October 15, 1991, over , Utah.

32. True or False, The rocky surface of the planet Venus can be detected when Venus is observed using infrared astronomy.

TRUE
FALSE

33. Which of the following is not a phenomenon associated with violet astronomy?

photographs of the planet Venus taken in 1927
the purple haze within a few arcseconds of the central star of the Homunculus
the faintness of carbon stars
the stellar abundance of aluminum
adaptive optics
the helium beta line

34. True or False, Protons accelerated up to energies > 110 MeV and are able to hit the surface of Mercury.

TRUE
FALSE

35. Which of the following emission/absorption phenomena are associated with radiation astronomy?

helium lines at 501 and 505 nm
the strong C2 (1,2) band
nitrogen emission in plasmas at 566.934 nm from N VIII
helium emission line at 5876 Å
neutral iron line at 526.96 nm
calcium yellow line at 569.4 nm

36. Complete the text:

Sirius A has a surface temperature of approximately , is spectral type , has an orbital period with Sirius B of about , and is a variable star.

37. True or False, There are cyan or cyan mineral containing meteors or meteorites.

TRUE
FALSE

38. What negatively charged particles may be used as tracers of cosmic magnetic fields?

39. Complete the text:

Although is usually not recognized as a formal branch of , the measurement of fluxes help to understand a variety of natural phenomena.

40. True or False, To date, all of the reported hypervelocity stars (HVSs), which are believed to be ejected from the Galactic center, are blue.

TRUE
FALSE

41. Observations of comets have benefitted greatly from what phenomenon of cyan astronomy?

Cherenkov radiation
the electric blue glow of lightning
gas-expansion velocity decreases with increasing heliocentric distance
methane possesses prominent absorption bands in the visible
adaptive optics
the light of the neutral CN-radical

42. Which of the following are radiation astronomy phenomena usually associated with lithium emission?

a green emission line
nucleosynthesis
an orange line at 610.3 nm
the Spite plateau
lithium-drifted silicon detectors
the Fraunhofer E line
asymptotic supergiant branch
an infrared line at 812.6 nm

43. True or False, There are yellow or yellow mineral containing meteorites.

TRUE
FALSE

44. Red ochre is a natural pigment composed of what likely source of red?

45. True or False, Boron has an emission line in the yellow.

TRUE
FALSE

46. Complete the text:

The tracks in emulsion chambers have been used for measurements of nuclei above in a series of balloon-borne experiments.

47. True or False, Olivine is a silicate mineral that may be detected in cometary coma dust with green astronomy.

TRUE
FALSE

48. Which of the following is a phenomenon associated with yellow astronomy?

Jupiter
sodium line emission
sunspots on the Sun
an emission with a wavelength of 420 nm
phosphorus
TiO

49. Radiation astronomy may help to detect what type of astronomical object?

a stellar class M dwarf
the hydrogen Balmer alpha line
the photosphere of the Sun
extrasolar planets
lithium
the CMB

50. True or False, There are orange or orange mineral containing meteorites.

TRUE
FALSE

51. Cyanogen is a natural poisonous gas composed of what likely source of cyan?

52. Why are antiprotons unlikely to be directly used as their own radiation astronomy?

the observable universe is apparently composed almost entirely of matter
there exist other places that are almost entirely composed of antimatter
apparent asymmetry of matter and antimatter in the visible universe
baryogenesis
positron astronomy
a complete periodic table of antimatter
antiparticles are created everywhere in the universe where high-energy particle collisions take place

53. Complete the text:

Methane possesses prominant in the visible and near-infrared (IR) making aquamarine or in color.

54. True or False, The red shift cannot affect blue stars.

TRUE
FALSE

55. Which of the following is not a phenomenon associated with red astronomy?

a stellar class M dwarf
the hydrogen Balmer alpha line
the photosphere of the Sun
an emission with a wavelength of 618 nm
lithium
"cometary knots"

56. Radiation astronomy has helped to verify what famous theories?

Cherenkov radiation
the universe consists primarily of perfect vacuum
tachyonic gamma rays
extrasolar planets
warp drive
general relativity
quantum mechanics

57. Tarapacaite is a natural mineral pigment composed of what likely source of yellow?

58. Complete the text:

Io is the innermost of the four moons of the planet .

59. True or False, The Earth's atmosphere does not transmit infrared radiation between 6 and 7 microns in wavelength because of water vapor.

TRUE
FALSE

60. Which of the following is not a radiation phenomenon associated with a crater?

strata
elongated dust particles
high albedo
olivine
Rayleighs
volcanoes

61. Infrared astronomy has really helped to detect what type of astronomical object?

a stellar class G dwarf
the hydrogen Balmer alpha line
the photosphere of the Sun
extrasolar planets
lithium
the CMB

62. Various radiation observatories occur at different altitudes and geographic locations due to what effect?

the presence of oceans on the Earth
locally available carving tools
light pollution
most astronomical objects are observed at night
currently dormant volcanoes seldom erupt
human habitation increases near an astronomical observatory

63. True or False, Due to the limited shielding provided by its relatively weak magnetic dipole moment, the surface of Mercury is everywhere subject to bombardment by cosmic rays.

TRUE
FALSE

64. Moldavite is a mineral that may be associated with what radiation astronomy phenomenon?

predicting the end of the Earth
determining the accuracy of local computers
meteorite impacts
demonstrating that Venus was once a comet
predicting when currently dormant volcanoes will erupt
fireballs

65. Orpiment is a natural mineral pigment composed of what likely source of orange?

66. Complete the text:

The orange and brown coloration in the clouds of are caused by compounds that change color when they are exposed to light from the Sun.

67. Which types of radiation astronomy directly observe the rocky-object surface of Venus?

meteor astronomy
cosmic-ray astronomy
neutron astronomy
proton astronomy
beta-ray astronomy
neutrino astronomy
gamma-ray astronomy
X-ray astronomy
ultraviolet astronomy
visual astronomy
infrared astronomy
submillimeter astronomy
radio astronomy
radar astronomy
microwave astronomy
superluminal astronomy

68. True or False, The position of the Sun can be determined directly with the use of radar astronomy.

TRUE
FALSE

69. Radiation phenomena associated with craters include?

catena
secondary craters
checking equations about complex systems
deformed strata
electric arcs
explosions

70. True or False, The emission of synchrotron light from the Sun may more accurately fit the spectral radiance of the Sun than black body radiation.

TRUE
FALSE

71. Superluminal astronomy has really helped to verify what famous theory?

Cherenkov radiation
the universe consists primarily of perfect vacuum
tachyonic gamma rays
extrasolar planets
warp drive
general relativity

72. Which of the following is involved in planetary astronomy more so than planetary science?

the occurrence of blue rock types on the surface of rocky objects
the Earth and other rocky objects have a green mineral containing mantle
checking equations about complex systems
the advantages of a 559 nm band pass
digging holes in the surface of Mars
surface temperatures low enough to produce methane lakes

73. True or False, A cometary orbit about the Sun is a radiation astronomy phenomenon.

TRUE
FALSE

74. Purpurite is a natural mineral pigment composed of what likely source of violet or purple?

75. Complete the text:

The aluminum abundance was derived from the resonance line at nm, and Al is underabundant by ~ -0.7 with respect to iron.

76. True or False, A metallic or stony object that is the remains of a meteor is called a meteoroid.

TRUE
FALSE

77. Various radiation observatories occur at different altitudes and geographic locations due to what effect?

the presence of oceans on the Earth
locally available carving tools
the atmosphere of the Earth
most astronomical objects are observed at night
currently dormant volcanoes seldom erupt
human habitation increases near an astronomical observatory

78. Which of the following is not a radiation phenomenon associated with a planet?

airglow
elongated dust particles
high albedo
olivine
Rayleighs
coronal mass ejection

79. What radiation astronomy phenomena are associated with Mars?

it may help with faster-than-light travel
O(1S) lines
ice
polar caps
the Greenwich meridian
it demonstrates that a power law is better than an exponential law

80. With respect to protoplanetary disks what green mineral has been found?

81. Complete the text:

Astronomers place the submillimetre waveband between the and wavebands, typically taken to be between a few hundred micrometres and a millimetre.

82. True or False, The V 2 rocket was first used as a sounding rocket for X-ray astronomy before being converted to a weapon.

TRUE
FALSE

83. The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar is an astronomical document produced to help astronomers for what purpose?

predict the end of the Earth
determine the accuracy of local computers
accurately predict the equinoxes
demonstrate that Venus was once a comet
predict when currently dormant volcanoes will erupt
demonstrate that the local pyramids were built by aliens

84. When close binary stars are present, what characteristics are readily observed?

iron XIV line
facular excess brightness
starspots
magnetic poles
flares
neon clouds

85. True or False, Jupiter shows intense X-ray emission associated with auroras in its polar regions.

TRUE
FALSE

86. The Cr1+ ion has an emission line often observed in what solar limb phenomenon?

87. Complete the text:

Terahertz radiation refers to electromagnetic waves propagating at in the range.

88. True or False, The emission of synchrotron and black-body light from the Sun may more accurately fit the spectral radiance of the Sun than black body radiation alone.

TRUE
FALSE

89. Dimensional analysis may help with astronomical calculations for what reason?

it may help with faster-than-light travel
it allows the conversion of matter into energy
checking equations about complex systems
it differentiates English units from the metric system
there is an inherent preference for the Paris meridian over the Greenwich meridian
it demonstrates that a power law is better than an exponential law

90. Which of the following radiation astronomy phenomena are associated with the rocky object Mercury?

apparent impact craters
an excess brightness at or near the edge
the iron XIV line
neutron emission
polar coronal holes
meteor emission
changes in the line-blanketing

91. Using HIFI instrument aboard the Herschel Space Observatory, the first detection of what ion occurred on March 1 and March 23, 2010?

92. Complete the text:

The detection of absorption by interstellar in the band occurs along the sight line to the submillimeter continuum sources W49N and W51.

93. True or False, Visual Bremsstrahlung radiation is not detected from the Sun because the photosphere isn't ionized enough to produce it.

TRUE
FALSE

94. Which of the following is involved in planetary astronomy more so than planetary science?

the occurrence of rock types on the surface of rocky objects
the Earth and other rocky objects may have a mantle
checking equations about complex systems
the advantages of radar
digging holes in the surface of the Moon
surface temperatures low enough to produce methane lakes

95. Which of the following is not a radiation phenomenon associated with a comet?

airglow
elongated dust particles
high albedo
olivine
Rayleighs
coronal mass ejection

96. True or False, Hydrogen has an emission line in the yellow.

TRUE
FALSE

97. Which of the following is not a radiation phenomenon associated with a star?

airglow
elongated dust particles
high albedo
olivine
Rayleighs
coronal mass ejection

98. True or False, Beryllium has an emission line in the yellow.

TRUE
FALSE

99. Why is much of the surface of Mars covered with red iron oxide dust when the rocks that compose much of its surface are blue or violet?

Mars has been systematically bombarded with small iron-nickel meteorites or micrometeorites that oxidize in its atmosphere
Mars has been frequently bombarded with hematite containing micrometeorites
asteroid impacts on Mars may have forced iron from near its core into the atmosphere and onto the surface as hematite dust that oxidized
Mars is like Earth in surface hematite composition, but Earth has much more water
precipitation from iron-rich water

100. True or False, The planet Saturn exhibits a pale yellow hue due to ammonia crystals in its upper atmosphere.

TRUE
FALSE

Your score is 0 / 0

Research

Hypothesis:

  1. Quiz questions about radiation astronomy may be made too difficult.
  2. Quiz questions could start out easy association and work up to more difficult.
  3. In 2015 two quizzes made the top 1000: Planets/Quiz and Classical planets/Quiz.
  4. Intergalactic medium was averaging 6 hits per day, but after the move to the subpage its down to 1 per day.

Control groups

This is an image of a Lewis rat. Credit: Charles River Laboratories.

The findings demonstrate a statistically systematic change from the status quo or the control group.

“In the design of experiments, treatments [or special properties or characteristics] are applied to [or observed in] experimental units in the treatment group(s).[1] In comparative experiments, members of the complementary group, the control group, receive either no treatment or a standard treatment.[2]"[3]

Proof of concept

Def. a “short and/or incomplete realization of a certain method or idea to demonstrate its feasibility"[4] is called a proof of concept.

Def. evidence that demonstrates that a concept is possible is called proof of concept.

The proof-of-concept structure consists of

  1. background,
  2. procedures,
  3. findings, and
  4. interpretation.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Klaus Hinkelmann, Oscar Kempthorne (2008). Design and Analysis of Experiments, Volume I: Introduction to Experimental Design (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-72756-9. http://books.google.com/?id=T3wWj2kVYZgC&printsec=frontcover.
  2. ↑ R. A. Bailey (2008). Design of comparative experiments. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-68357-9. http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521683579.
  3. ↑ "Treatment and control groups, In: Wikipedia". San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. May 18, 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
  4. ↑ "proof of concept, In: Wiktionary". San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. November 10, 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  5. ↑ Ginger Lehrman and Ian B Hogue, Sarah Palmer, Cheryl Jennings, Celsa A Spina, Ann Wiegand, Alan L Landay, Robert W Coombs, Douglas D Richman, John W Mellors, John M Coffin, Ronald J Bosch, David M Margolis (August 13, 2005). "Depletion of latent HIV-1 infection in vivo: a proof-of-concept study". Lancet 366 (9485): 549-55. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67098-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1894952/. Retrieved 2012-05-09.

External links

Development status: this resource is experimental in nature.
Educational level: this is a research resource.
Resource type: this resource is a quiz.
Subject classification: this is an astronomy resource.
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