Quizbank/How things work/Study guide 2

1. If the electron behaved as a classical (non-quantum) particle and NOT somehow connected to a spring inside the metal, then one would expect that photoelectrons would be emitted _______

___ a) at a specific frequency

___ b) above a threshold frequency

___ c) above a threshold intensity

___ d) above a threshold wavelength

2. If the electron behaved as a classical (non-quantum) particle and the electron was somehow connected to a spring inside the metal, then one would expect that photoelectrons would be emitted _______

___ a) above a threshold intensity

___ b) above a thresholdfrequency

___ c) above a threshold wavelength

___ d) at a specific frequency

3. In the photoelectric effect, how was the maximum kinetic energy measured?

___ a) by measuring the wavelength of the light

___ b) by measuring the distance between the electrodes

___ c) by measuring the voltage required to prevent the electrons from passing between the two electrodes.

4. The Industrial Revolution began shortly before

___ a) World War I (1914)

___ b) the American revolution (1776)

___ c) the American civil war (1861)

5. Cartwright built two textile factories. One of them

___ a) is still in use today

___ b) two of these are true

___ c) burned down

___ d) was transported to Germany

___ e) was sabotaged by workers

6. The purpose of Eli Whitney's cotton gin was to

___ a) clean cotton

___ b) remove seeds

___ c) pick cotton

___ d) spin cotton

___ e) weave cotton

7. Manchester acquired the nickname __________ during the early 19th century owing to its sprawl of ______

___ a) Cokopolis, coke processing plants

___ b) Coalopolis, coal mines

___ c) Cottonopolis, textile factories

___ d) Weavopolis, Weaving factories

8. A major change in the metal industries during the era of the Industrial Revolution was the replacement of wood and other bio-fuels with coal. Compared to wood, coal required

___ a) less labour to mine, but was less abundant (until the Rineland coal fields were discovered).

___ b) about the same labour to mine, but was more abundant than wood.

___ c) less labour to mine and was also more abundant.

9. Henry Cort developed rolling, which is 15 times _____ than ______

___ a) faster, puddling

___ b) cheaper, puddling

___ c) faster, hammering

___ d) cheaper, hammering

10. Puddling involved

___ a) stirring with a long rod and was never successfully mechanised.

___ b) the use of coke instead of coal and led to much strong iron

___ c) the use of coke instead of coal greatly reduced the cost of producing pig iron

___ d) stirring with a long rod and became much cheaper when steam engines replaced manual stirring

11. For most of the period of the Industrial Revolution, the majority of industrial power was supplied by

___ a) water and wind.

___ b) water and steam.

___ c) steam and wind.

12. The Miner's Friend

___ a) was electrical lighting

___ b) transported miners

___ c) pumped water

___ d) provided ventilation

13. According to Wikipedia, the first large machine tool was used to

___ a) plane rails for railroads

___ b) drill coal mines

___ c) bore cylinders for steam engines steam engines.

___ d) shape plates for ship hulls

14. During the Industrial Revolution, the cost of producing sulfuric acid greatly improved by

___ a) replacing iron containers with glass containers

___ b) replacing glass containers with iron containers

___ c) replacing lead containers with glass containers

___ d) replacing glass containers with lead containers

15. The Industrial Revolution lasted just under _____ years

___ a) 500

___ b) 100

___ c) 200

___ d) 300

___ e) 400

16. Early uses for sulphuric acid included

___ a) removing rust and bleaching cloth

___ b) making cement and bleaching cloth

___ c) producing dyes and bleaching cloth

___ d) producing dyes and making cement

___ e) removing rust and making cement

17. During the Industrial Revolution, the best Chemists were trained in

___ a) United States

___ b) Great Britain

___ c) Italy

___ d) Germany

___ e) Sweden

18. The dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, output and invested capital was

___ a) ship building

___ b) railroads

___ c) military spending

___ d) farm equipment

___ e) textiles

19. What impact did the industrial revolution have on living standards of ordinary people, according to Wikipedia?

___ a) little or no growth in the first half, but enormous growth in the second half of the industrial revolution.

___ b) the question is a subject of controversy

___ c) sustained growth, for the first time in history

___ d) little or no growth until much later (19th and 20th centuries)

20. The industrial revolution began in

___ a) Germany

___ b) Great Britain

___ c) United States

___ d) simultaneously in a variety of European nations

___ e) simultaneously in Europe and the United States

21. Which is NOT one of the three areas of development that helped initiate the industrial revolution?

___ a) iron making

___ b) steam power

___ c) assembly lines

___ d) textiles

22. The Calico Acts were initially designed to protect

___ a) large manufacturers

___ b) small manufacturers

___ c) the woollen industry

___ d) domestic cotton production

23. On the eve of the Industrial Revolution, when the textile industry was largely a cottage industry, women did the ______ and men did the _______. If a loom was used, the work done by the women required ______ person hours.

___ a) spinning, weaving, fewer

___ b) spinning, weaving, more

___ c) weaving, spinning, fewer

___ d) weaving, spinning, more

24. On the eve of the Industrial Revolution, when the textile industry was largely a cottage industry, men did the ______ and women did the _______. If a loom was used, the work done by the men required ______ person hours.

___ a) spinning, weaving, fewer

___ b) spinning, weaving, more

___ c) weaving, spinning, fewer

___ d) weaving, spinning, more

25. What fraction of the world's electricity was produced by nuclear power in 2012?

___ a) 33%

___ b) 3%

___ c) 63%

___ d) 13%

26. Chadwicks discovery of the neutron was significant because

___ a) neutrons are stable

___ b) neutrons are slow

___ c) neutrons permit induced radiation

27. Neutrons and protons both have "strong" short range interactions with the nucleus. Why can't slow protons be used to cause nuclei to undergo fission?

___ a) protons are positively charged

___ b) slow protons can induce fission but they are too expensive to produce

___ c) protons move at the speed of light

___ d) slow protons are attracted to the nucleus

28. Fermi used _______ to create what he thought was _______

___ a) "moonshine";   fast neutrons

___ b) slow neutrons;   "moonshine"

___ c) transuranic (heavy) elements;   a new source of slow neutrons

___ d) slow neutrons;   a new element heavier than uranium (called a transuranic element)

29. Fermi thought he had discovered ________, when he actually discovered ________

___ a) fusion;   hesparium

___ b) hesperium;   fission

___ c) hesperium;   fusion

___ d) fission;   hesparium

30. Which was developed first, nuclear power generation or nuclear weapons?

___ a) nuclear power generation

___ b) nuclear weapons

___ c) they were developed simultaneously

31. The Manhattan project made

___ a) uranium and enriched plutonium

___ b) plutonium and enriched hesparium

___ c) plutonium and enriched uranium

32. The Atomic Age, published in 1945, predicted ...

___ a) widespread radiation poisoning

___ b) a world government to prevent nuclear war

___ c) nuclear war

___ d) that fossil fuels would go unused

33. In 1953, "Atoms for Peace" was

___ a) a presidential speech warning of the need for nuclear arms agreements

___ b) a protest movement centered in US universities

___ c) a congressional committee

___ d) a presidential speech promoting nuclear energy production

34. The first nuclear power plant to contribute to the grid was situated in

___ a) Russia

___ b) Oak Ridge

___ c) Great Britain

___ d) Virginia

35. According to Wikipedia, the prediction made in 1954 that electricity would someday be "too cheap to meter" was

___ a) an argument that fossil fuels are so abundant that we don't need nuclear energy

___ b) an effort to promote nuclear fusion as an energy source

___ c) an effort to promote nuclear fission as an energy source

36. How does Wikipedia assess the prospects of commercial fusion power production before 2050?

___ a) expected

___ b) impossible

___ c) likely

___ d) unlikely

37. The third worst nuclear disaster occurred in Russia (1957) and was kept secret for 30 years

___ a) true

___ b) false

38. More US nuclear submarines sank due to nuclear accidents than did Russian submarines

___ a) true

___ b) false

39. The worst nuclear disaster on record occurred in Russia

___ a) true

___ b) false

40. The worldwide number of nuclear reactors and their net capacity grew steadily from 1960, and

___ a) briefly fell sharply after Three Mile Island (1979), rose again, and again fell after Chernobyl (1986)

___ b) leveled off between Three Mile Island (1979) and Chernobyl (1986).

___ c) fluctuated randomly but with a strong correlation with the world economy and price of oil

___ d) did not begin to level off until Chernobyl (1986)

41. In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, evidence suggests that nuclear power has caused ______ fatalities per unit of energy generated than the other major sources of energy.

___ a) more

___ b) less

___ c) comparable

42. According to Wikipedia, the amount of green house gasses associated with the construction and maintenance of nuclear power plants is ________ than the emissions associated with other renewable sources (wind, solar, and hydro power.)

___ a) greater

___ b) less

___ c) about the same

43. Estimates of additional nuclear generating capacity to be built by 2035 fell by ______ percent after the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011.

___ a) 10

___ b) 50

___ c) 90

44. From the figure depicting percentage of power produced by nuclear power plants, we see that the proper ranking from greatest to least reliance on nuclear power for three nations is

___ a) United States, France, with Turkey least reliant.

___ b) France ,Turkey , with the United States least reliant.

___ c) France, United States, with Turkey least reliant.

___ d) United States, Turkey, France least reliant.

45. It was discovered that radioactive elements released immense amounts of energy according to the principle of mass–energy equivalence in the ______

___ a) late 19th century

___ b) early 19th century

___ c) early 20th century

46. Chadwick's discovery of the neutron was significant because neutrons

___ a) are an excellent fuel for nuclear power

___ b) can be used to create radioactive material at a low price

___ c) are not radioactive

47. Ernest Rutherford's "moonshine" was

___ a) what he called the idea of harnessing nuclear power

___ b) what he called alpha particles

___ c) what he called the idea of relying on fossil fuels

___ d) what called neutrons

48. In a PWR reactor, the water is kept under high pressure

___ a) to reduce the heat required to boil it

___ b) to prevent it from boiling

___ c) to slow down the neutrons

___ d) only in the reactor core

49. A 2008 report from Oak Ridge National Laboratory concluded that the dose to the public from radiation from properly run nuclear plants is ___________ the radiation created by burning coal

___ a) 10 times less than

___ b) about the same as

___ c) 100 times more than

___ d) 10 times more than

___ e) 100 times less than

50. One concern is that long term nuclear waste management is now being performed by a number of private waste management companies

___ a) true

___ b) false

51. The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico

___ a) is currently taking nuclear waste from production reactors

___ b) was originally a research and development facility but is now under private ownership

___ c) can no longer nuclear waste from production reactors because it is full

52. In the United States, reprocessing of spent Uranium

___ a) is not allowed due to waste management concerns

___ b) is not allowed due to nuclear weapon proliferation concerns

___ c) provides 20% of our fuel needs and allows the United States to export nuclear fuel

___ d) provides 5% of our fuel needs which is consumed within the United states

53. The reprocessing of spent Uranium worsens the problem of long term waste storage

___ a) true

___ b) false

54. The reprocessing of spent Uranium helps alleviate the problem of long term waste storage

___ a) true

___ b) false

55. Nuclear power plants typically have

___ a) high capital costs and low fuel costs

___ b) low capital costs and high fuel costs

___ c) high capital costs and high fuel costs

___ d) low capital costs and low fuel costs

56. How many latent (cancer) deaths are estimated to result from the Three Mile Island accident?

___ a) from 0 to 1000

___ b) zero

___ c) from 4000 to 25,000

57. It has been estimated that if Japan had never adopted nuclear power, the use of other fuels would have caused more lost years of life.

___ a) true

___ b) false

58. It has been estimated that farmland lost due to Fukushima accident will be again useful for farming in 40-60 years

___ a) true

___ b) false

59. Fuel rods spend typically ______ total now inside the reactor, generally until _____ of their uranium has been fissioned

___ a) 6 years;   3%

___ b) 6 months;   3%

___ c) 6 months;   30%

___ d) 6 years;   30%

60. It has been estimated that farmland lost due to Fukushima accident will not be farmed for centuries

___ a) true

___ b) false

61. The Megatons to Megawatts Program

___ a) converts weapons grade uranium into fuel for commercial reactors, and is considered a success

___ b) converts weapons grade uranium into fuel for commercial reactors, and is considered a failure

___ c) purchases spent fuel that could otherwise be used to make weapons, and is considered a success

___ d) purchases spent fuel that could otherwise be used to make weapons, and is considered a failure

62. After about __________ in a spent fuel pool the spent fuel can be moved to dry storage casks or reprocessed.

___ a) 50 years

___ b) 5 years

___ c) 5 months

63. Uranium is approximately ______________ than silver in the Earth's crust.

___ a) 4 times less common

___ b) 40 times more common

___ c) 4 times more common

___ d) 40 times less common

64. Reactors that use natural (unenriched) uranium are

___ a) considered impossible

___ b) are likely to emerge in the next few decades

___ c) are already in use

65. Fast breeder reactors use uranium-238, an isotope which constitutes _____ of naturally occurring uranium

___ a) 99%

___ b) 60%

___ c) 30%

___ d) 1 %

___ e) 3%

66. One concern about fast breeder reactors is that the uranium reserves will be exhausted more quickly

___ a) true

___ b) false

67. High-level radioactive waste management is a daunting problem because

___ a) the isotopes are short-lived

___ b) the isotopes are long-lived

___ c) they cannot be stored underground

68. A 2008 report from Oak Ridge National Laboratory concluded that the dose to the public from radiation from coal plants is ___________ the radiation nuclear plants (excluding the possibility of accidental discharges of radioactive material

___ a) 100 times less than

___ b) 100 times more than

___ c) about the same as

___ d) 10 times more than

___ e) 10 times less than

1. If the electron behaved as a classical (non-quantum) particle and NOT somehow connected to a spring inside the metal, then one would expect that photoelectrons would be emitted _______

- a) at a specific frequency

- b) above a threshold frequency

+ c) above a threshold intensity

- d) above a threshold wavelength

2. If the electron behaved as a classical (non-quantum) particle and the electron was somehow connected to a spring inside the metal, then one would expect that photoelectrons would be emitted _______

- a) above a threshold intensity

- b) above a thresholdfrequency

- c) above a threshold wavelength

+ d) at a specific frequency

3. In the photoelectric effect, how was the maximum kinetic energy measured?

- a) by measuring the wavelength of the light

- b) by measuring the distance between the electrodes

+ c) by measuring the voltage required to prevent the electrons from passing between the two electrodes.

4. The Industrial Revolution began shortly before

- a) World War I (1914)

+ b) the American revolution (1776)

- c) the American civil war (1861)

5. Cartwright built two textile factories. One of them

- a) is still in use today

+ b) two of these are true

- c) burned down

- d) was transported to Germany

- e) was sabotaged by workers

6. The purpose of Eli Whitney's cotton gin was to

- a) clean cotton

+ b) remove seeds

- c) pick cotton

- d) spin cotton

- e) weave cotton

7. Manchester acquired the nickname __________ during the early 19th century owing to its sprawl of ______

- a) Cokopolis, coke processing plants

- b) Coalopolis, coal mines

+ c) Cottonopolis, textile factories

- d) Weavopolis, Weaving factories

8. A major change in the metal industries during the era of the Industrial Revolution was the replacement of wood and other bio-fuels with coal. Compared to wood, coal required

- a) less labour to mine, but was less abundant (until the Rineland coal fields were discovered).

- b) about the same labour to mine, but was more abundant than wood.

+ c) less labour to mine and was also more abundant.

9. Henry Cort developed rolling, which is 15 times _____ than ______

- a) faster, puddling

- b) cheaper, puddling

+ c) faster, hammering

- d) cheaper, hammering

10. Puddling involved

+ a) stirring with a long rod and was never successfully mechanised.

- b) the use of coke instead of coal and led to much strong iron

- c) the use of coke instead of coal greatly reduced the cost of producing pig iron

- d) stirring with a long rod and became much cheaper when steam engines replaced manual stirring

11. For most of the period of the Industrial Revolution, the majority of industrial power was supplied by

+ a) water and wind.

- b) water and steam.

- c) steam and wind.

12. The Miner's Friend

- a) was electrical lighting

- b) transported miners

+ c) pumped water

- d) provided ventilation

13. According to Wikipedia, the first large machine tool was used to

- a) plane rails for railroads

- b) drill coal mines

+ c) bore cylinders for steam engines steam engines.

- d) shape plates for ship hulls

14. During the Industrial Revolution, the cost of producing sulfuric acid greatly improved by

- a) replacing iron containers with glass containers

- b) replacing glass containers with iron containers

- c) replacing lead containers with glass containers

+ d) replacing glass containers with lead containers

15. The Industrial Revolution lasted just under _____ years

- a) 500

+ b) 100

- c) 200

- d) 300

- e) 400

16. Early uses for sulphuric acid included

+ a) removing rust and bleaching cloth

- b) making cement and bleaching cloth

- c) producing dyes and bleaching cloth

- d) producing dyes and making cement

- e) removing rust and making cement

17. During the Industrial Revolution, the best Chemists were trained in

- a) United States

- b) Great Britain

- c) Italy

+ d) Germany

- e) Sweden

18. The dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, output and invested capital was

- a) ship building

- b) railroads

- c) military spending

- d) farm equipment

+ e) textiles

19. What impact did the industrial revolution have on living standards of ordinary people, according to Wikipedia?

- a) little or no growth in the first half, but enormous growth in the second half of the industrial revolution.

+ b) the question is a subject of controversy

- c) sustained growth, for the first time in history

- d) little or no growth until much later (19th and 20th centuries)

20. The industrial revolution began in

- a) Germany

+ b) Great Britain

- c) United States

- d) simultaneously in a variety of European nations

- e) simultaneously in Europe and the United States

21. Which is NOT one of the three areas of development that helped initiate the industrial revolution?

- a) iron making

- b) steam power

+ c) assembly lines

- d) textiles

22. The Calico Acts were initially designed to protect

- a) large manufacturers

- b) small manufacturers

+ c) the woollen industry

- d) domestic cotton production

23. On the eve of the Industrial Revolution, when the textile industry was largely a cottage industry, women did the ______ and men did the _______. If a loom was used, the work done by the women required ______ person hours.

- a) spinning, weaving, fewer

+ b) spinning, weaving, more

- c) weaving, spinning, fewer

- d) weaving, spinning, more

24. On the eve of the Industrial Revolution, when the textile industry was largely a cottage industry, men did the ______ and women did the _______. If a loom was used, the work done by the men required ______ person hours.

- a) spinning, weaving, fewer

- b) spinning, weaving, more

+ c) weaving, spinning, fewer

- d) weaving, spinning, more

25. What fraction of the world's electricity was produced by nuclear power in 2012?

- a) 33%

- b) 3%

- c) 63%

+ d) 13%

26. Chadwicks discovery of the neutron was significant because

- a) neutrons are stable

- b) neutrons are slow

+ c) neutrons permit induced radiation

27. Neutrons and protons both have "strong" short range interactions with the nucleus. Why can't slow protons be used to cause nuclei to undergo fission?

+ a) protons are positively charged

- b) slow protons can induce fission but they are too expensive to produce

- c) protons move at the speed of light

- d) slow protons are attracted to the nucleus

28. Fermi used _______ to create what he thought was _______

- a) "moonshine";   fast neutrons

- b) slow neutrons;   "moonshine"

- c) transuranic (heavy) elements;   a new source of slow neutrons

+ d) slow neutrons;   a new element heavier than uranium (called a transuranic element)

29. Fermi thought he had discovered ________, when he actually discovered ________

- a) fusion;   hesparium

+ b) hesperium;   fission

- c) hesperium;   fusion

- d) fission;   hesparium

30. Which was developed first, nuclear power generation or nuclear weapons?

- a) nuclear power generation

+ b) nuclear weapons

- c) they were developed simultaneously

31. The Manhattan project made

- a) uranium and enriched plutonium

- b) plutonium and enriched hesparium

+ c) plutonium and enriched uranium

32. The Atomic Age, published in 1945, predicted ...

- a) widespread radiation poisoning

- b) a world government to prevent nuclear war

- c) nuclear war

+ d) that fossil fuels would go unused

33. In 1953, "Atoms for Peace" was

- a) a presidential speech warning of the need for nuclear arms agreements

- b) a protest movement centered in US universities

- c) a congressional committee

+ d) a presidential speech promoting nuclear energy production

34. The first nuclear power plant to contribute to the grid was situated in

+ a) Russia

- b) Oak Ridge

- c) Great Britain

- d) Virginia

35. According to Wikipedia, the prediction made in 1954 that electricity would someday be "too cheap to meter" was

- a) an argument that fossil fuels are so abundant that we don't need nuclear energy

+ b) an effort to promote nuclear fusion as an energy source

- c) an effort to promote nuclear fission as an energy source

36. How does Wikipedia assess the prospects of commercial fusion power production before 2050?

- a) expected

- b) impossible

- c) likely

+ d) unlikely

37. The third worst nuclear disaster occurred in Russia (1957) and was kept secret for 30 years

+ a) true

- b) false

38. More US nuclear submarines sank due to nuclear accidents than did Russian submarines

- a) true

+ b) false

39. The worst nuclear disaster on record occurred in Russia

- a) true

+ b) false

40. The worldwide number of nuclear reactors and their net capacity grew steadily from 1960, and

- a) briefly fell sharply after Three Mile Island (1979), rose again, and again fell after Chernobyl (1986)

+ b) leveled off between Three Mile Island (1979) and Chernobyl (1986).

- c) fluctuated randomly but with a strong correlation with the world economy and price of oil

- d) did not begin to level off until Chernobyl (1986)

41. In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, evidence suggests that nuclear power has caused ______ fatalities per unit of energy generated than the other major sources of energy.

- a) more

- b) less

+ c) comparable

42. According to Wikipedia, the amount of green house gasses associated with the construction and maintenance of nuclear power plants is ________ than the emissions associated with other renewable sources (wind, solar, and hydro power.)

- a) greater

- b) less

+ c) about the same

43. Estimates of additional nuclear generating capacity to be built by 2035 fell by ______ percent after the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011.

- a) 10

+ b) 50

- c) 90

44. From the figure depicting percentage of power produced by nuclear power plants, we see that the proper ranking from greatest to least reliance on nuclear power for three nations is

- a) United States, France, with Turkey least reliant.

- b) France ,Turkey , with the United States least reliant.

+ c) France, United States, with Turkey least reliant.

- d) United States, Turkey, France least reliant.

45. It was discovered that radioactive elements released immense amounts of energy according to the principle of mass–energy equivalence in the ______

- a) late 19th century

- b) early 19th century

+ c) early 20th century

46. Chadwick's discovery of the neutron was significant because neutrons

- a) are an excellent fuel for nuclear power

+ b) can be used to create radioactive material at a low price

- c) are not radioactive

47. Ernest Rutherford's "moonshine" was

+ a) what he called the idea of harnessing nuclear power

- b) what he called alpha particles

- c) what he called the idea of relying on fossil fuels

- d) what called neutrons

48. In a PWR reactor, the water is kept under high pressure

- a) to reduce the heat required to boil it

+ b) to prevent it from boiling

- c) to slow down the neutrons

- d) only in the reactor core

49. A 2008 report from Oak Ridge National Laboratory concluded that the dose to the public from radiation from properly run nuclear plants is ___________ the radiation created by burning coal

- a) 10 times less than

- b) about the same as

- c) 100 times more than

- d) 10 times more than

+ e) 100 times less than

50. One concern is that long term nuclear waste management is now being performed by a number of private waste management companies

- a) true

+ b) false

51. The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico

+ a) is currently taking nuclear waste from production reactors

- b) was originally a research and development facility but is now under private ownership

- c) can no longer nuclear waste from production reactors because it is full

52. In the United States, reprocessing of spent Uranium

- a) is not allowed due to waste management concerns

+ b) is not allowed due to nuclear weapon proliferation concerns

- c) provides 20% of our fuel needs and allows the United States to export nuclear fuel

- d) provides 5% of our fuel needs which is consumed within the United states

53. The reprocessing of spent Uranium worsens the problem of long term waste storage

- a) true

+ b) false

54. The reprocessing of spent Uranium helps alleviate the problem of long term waste storage

+ a) true

- b) false

55. Nuclear power plants typically have

+ a) high capital costs and low fuel costs

- b) low capital costs and high fuel costs

- c) high capital costs and high fuel costs

- d) low capital costs and low fuel costs

56. How many latent (cancer) deaths are estimated to result from the Three Mile Island accident?

- a) from 0 to 1000

+ b) zero

- c) from 4000 to 25,000

57. It has been estimated that if Japan had never adopted nuclear power, the use of other fuels would have caused more lost years of life.

+ a) true

- b) false

58. It has been estimated that farmland lost due to Fukushima accident will be again useful for farming in 40-60 years

- a) true

+ b) false

59. Fuel rods spend typically ______ total now inside the reactor, generally until _____ of their uranium has been fissioned

+ a) 6 years;   3%

- b) 6 months;   3%

- c) 6 months;   30%

- d) 6 years;   30%

60. It has been estimated that farmland lost due to Fukushima accident will not be farmed for centuries

+ a) true

- b) false

61. The Megatons to Megawatts Program

+ a) converts weapons grade uranium into fuel for commercial reactors, and is considered a success

- b) converts weapons grade uranium into fuel for commercial reactors, and is considered a failure

- c) purchases spent fuel that could otherwise be used to make weapons, and is considered a success

- d) purchases spent fuel that could otherwise be used to make weapons, and is considered a failure

62. After about __________ in a spent fuel pool the spent fuel can be moved to dry storage casks or reprocessed.

- a) 50 years

+ b) 5 years

- c) 5 months

63. Uranium is approximately ______________ than silver in the Earth's crust.

- a) 4 times less common

+ b) 40 times more common

- c) 4 times more common

- d) 40 times less common

64. Reactors that use natural (unenriched) uranium are

- a) considered impossible

- b) are likely to emerge in the next few decades

+ c) are already in use

65. Fast breeder reactors use uranium-238, an isotope which constitutes _____ of naturally occurring uranium

+ a) 99%

- b) 60%

- c) 30%

- d) 1 %

- e) 3%

66. One concern about fast breeder reactors is that the uranium reserves will be exhausted more quickly

- a) true

+ b) false

67. High-level radioactive waste management is a daunting problem because

- a) the isotopes are short-lived

+ b) the isotopes are long-lived

- c) they cannot be stored underground

68. A 2008 report from Oak Ridge National Laboratory concluded that the dose to the public from radiation from coal plants is ___________ the radiation nuclear plants (excluding the possibility of accidental discharges of radioactive material

- a) 100 times less than

+ b) 100 times more than

- c) about the same as

- d) 10 times more than

- e) 10 times less than