Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles

The course objective is to provide students with the principles of radiation astronomy. At the end of the course, a student should have a well-rounded knowledge of astronomy, radiation, and observational and theoretical astronomy, each as they apply to radiation sources in the sky especially at night.

The course is built upon the ongoing research performed by astronomers around the world and in the not so empty space above the Earth's atmosphere.

In line with the Wikiversity ideal of learning by doing are sixteen laboratory opportunities, an equal number of problem sets at several levels, and participatory lessons. To present a wide variety of concepts within radiation astronomy, there are forty-eight lectures which are also partly articles as references from the scholarly literature are included to challenge the student and open doors to further curiosity. Some sixteen supplemental quiz section lectures/articles are included for additional learning.

The course material is layered from a primary/secondary level, to a university/tertiary level, and topped off with an introduction to research of which some is here at Wikiversity. A label indicating the education level may not be present for each resource.

The general subject area is astronomy. This includes knowledge of physics, chemistry, geography, history, and other subjects.

In some instances your interaction and responses may be used for research purposes. Your username and/or other identifiers are not included. If the resource itself is also being used for research purposes you will see the icon: . If your actions have been used for research purposes, this little icon may appear on your user talk page.

Prerequisites

Although a working knowledge of calculus and physics is beneficial, most concepts presented require only an understanding of algebra. Additional learning resources are also provided through the course to increase a student's background knowledge.

Completion levels

This course is dynamic, but may also be taken as a semester offering by Wikiversity, see the syllabus for the next formal class period.

Lectures and quizzes may have a level of completion icon following it based on ≥ 100 kb equals 100 %, or 100 questions is 100 %, the midterm and final are based on 300 questions equals 100 %:

1. This resource is a stub, which means that pretty well nothing has been done yet. 0-5%.
2. This resource is just getting off the ground. Please feel welcome to help! 6-15%.
3. Been started, but most of the work is still to be done - 16-30%.
4. About halfway there. You may help to clarify and expand it - 31-45%.
5. Almost complete, but you can help make it more thorough - 46-60%.
6. Ready for testing by learners and teachers. Please begin! 61-75%.
7. This resource is considered to be ready for use - 76-90%. R
8. This resource has reached a high level of completion - 91-100%. C

All resources have been completed in time for students taking the course during any semester. Updates to any resource that do not affect course content may occur at any time. Other updates may occur either with appropriate notices or where the subsequent update is incorporated in any subsequent hourly, midterm or final quiz. Additional content revisions or updates will occur between semester offerings.

A completion icon may not be present for resources already at 100 %.

Lecture or article changes that affect content after the beginning of a semester are not included in that term's requirements:

1. Rocky objects described in Meteorites that are not meteorites or the product of meteorite falls or strikes are being removed as they are duplicates of material already in the course. Students are responsible for this material where it occurs outside the meteorites lecture/article.

Lectures

Each set of three lectures are associated with the learning-by-doing laboratory experiences, mini-lectures plus quizzes for the student to test their learning progress with some additional information, 2-3 lengthier exams often referred to as 'hourlies' (may take an hour to work through at a timed pace), a mid-term exam which is all-encompassing for the first half, and a final exam over the entire course material. The examinations are designed to be taken iteratively as many times as the student desires to achieve a thorough working knowledge of the subject.

Quiz section lectures

Lectures under development for possible inclusion

Laboratories

For the course, sixteen laboratories should be completed. Examinations containing information from any laboratory will list it.

Lessons

Lessons are participatory original research projects. They are part of the history of science and only require some skills in map reading and comparison and contrast. Some familiarity with literature searching such as on Wikipedia, SIMBAD, or the web is beneficial and included in the instructions.

Problem sets

Under development:

1. Lenses and focal length
2. Neutrino emissions

Quizzes

The quizzes may be rated by number of questions, with 100 questions being a high level of completion, even though some are at lower numbers of questions.

Hourlies

1. Hourly - Lectures 1-16
2. Hourly - Lectures 17-32
3. Hourly - Lectures 33-48

Midterm examination

• Principles of radiation astronomy/Midterm quiz

Final examination

• Principles of radiation astronomy/Final quiz

Alternate examinations that may be used by your college or university for credit (and a grade) in this course will be available from Wikiversity by courier for closed proctored session testing of proficiency.

Syllabus

While this course may be taken in any order by each student, it may also be taken during a specific calendar period comparable to a university semester such as from January through May or August through December.

Consult the syllabus for the weekly schedule.

Ongoing semester offering:

First full week in January 2016 through May 2016. Principles of radiation astronomy/Syllabus/Spring

Next semester offering:

Second full week in August 2016 through December 2016. Principles of radiation astronomy/Syllabus/Fall

Lectures

Each full week one lecture on each Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Three lectures in the order indicated in the template Principles of radiation astronomy at the page bottom.

Laboratories

One laboratory opportunity is to be attempted for each of the sixteen weeks and is due at the beginning of the following week.

Each laboratory opportunity is to be started on Tuesday with the lab report due the following Tuesday.

Lessons

The lessons are once a week beginning on Thursday and the report is due the following Thursday. Contributions to the online lesson are voluntary. Student does so being aware that the information once contributed is as "Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; additional terms may apply." Note online contributions in lesson report.

Problem sets

Problem sets are to be started on Thursday with the written answers showing work due the following Thursday.

Quiz sections

Each Tuesday has a quiz section mini-lecture.

In the Thursday quiz section, the quiz for the mini-lecture is to be taken.

Problem sets and lesson contributions are due at the beginning of the Thursday quiz section.

Research

Hypotheses:

1. Several courses could be offered dealing with radiation astronomy.
2. A dynamic-only course could be offered dealing with specific radiation astronomies or potential radiation astronomies.

Control groups

The findings demonstrate a statistically systematic change from the status quo or the control group.

“In the design of experiments, treatments [or special properties or characteristics] are applied to [or observed in] experimental units in the treatment group(s).^[1] In comparative experiments, members of the complementary group, the control group, receive either no treatment or a standard treatment.^[2]"^[3]

Proof of concept

Def. a “short and/or incomplete realization of a certain method or idea to demonstrate its feasibility"^[4] is called a proof of concept.

Def. evidence that demonstrates that a concept is possible is called proof of concept.

The proof-of-concept structure consists of

1. background,
2. procedures,
3. findings, and
4. interpretation.^[5]

Student participation

The top 100 learning projects for 2015 (through October), includes all pages and subpages, concerning the course are

1. 29. 39138 - Radiation astronomy, with 106 subpages.
2. 49. 27083 - Astronomy, with 40 subpages.

The ranking of astronomy resources in this course during 2015 of the top 1000 in number of hits here at Wikiversity are

1. 218. 7830 - Astronomy/Mathematics or Mathematical astronomy
2. 403. 4431 - Principles of Radiation Astronomy
3. 434. 4118 - Astronomy
4. 518. 3515 - Mathematical astronomy
5. 583. 3135 - Radiation astronomy
6. 652. 2823 - Classical planets
7. 709. 2475 - Observational astronomy
8. 736. 2301 - Radiation astronomy/Detectors or Radiation detectors
9. 738. 2279 - Intergalactic medium
10. 739. 2272 - Radiation detectors
11. 753. 2180 - Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Syllabus/Spring
12. 794. 1991 - Proton astronomy
13. 878. 1635 - Planetary science
14. 947. 1385 - Astrophysics
15. 965. 1336 - Stellar science
16. 971. 1314 - Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Syllabus/Fall
17. 993. 1236 - Classical planets/Quiz

Those astronomy resources not specifically a part of the course are

1. 267. 6303 - Skygazing
2. 322. 5382 - School:Physics and Astronomy
3. 908. 1542 - Natural electric field of the Earth
4. 950. 1372 - Planets
5. 985. 1264 - Planets/Quiz
6. 987. 1262 - Saturn
7. 995. 1236 - Planets around other stars
8. 998. 1233 - Category:Introduction to the Planets
9. 999. 1233 - Introduction to the Planets

For 2014 a maximum number of 5215^[6] hit the keynote lecture Radiation astronomy.

The top 100 learning projects for 2014, includes all pages and subpages, concerning the course were none.

The ranking of astronomy resources in this course, or often mentioned, of the top 1000 here at Wikiversity are

1. 144. 9999 - Mathematical astronomy
2. 226. 7135 - Stellar science
3. 231. 7043 - Principles of radiation astronomy
4. 234. 7025 - Radiation detectors
5. 275. 6254 - Gamma-ray astronomy
6. 353. 5215 - Radiation astronomy
7. 401. 4623 - Astronomy
8. 484. 4027 - Observational astronomy
9. 506. 3863 - Meteorites
10. 567. 3505 - Cosmic-ray astronomy
11. 595. 3406 - Blue astronomy
12. 604. 3367 - Neutrino astronomy
13. 612. 3349 - Galaxies
14. 642. 3259 - Electron astronomy
15. 667. 3146 - Regional astronomy
16. 680. 3092 - X-ray astronomy
17. 694. 3050 - Proton astronomy
18. 699. 3029 - Ultraviolet astronomy
19. 715. 2978 - Optical astronomy
20. 726. 2931 - Neutron astronomy
21. 734. 2899 - Template talk:Astronomy resources
22. 738. 2882 - Violet astronomy
23. 769. 2801 - Source astronomy
24. 810. 2695 - Positron astronomy
25. 873. 2549 - Crater astronomy
26. 883. 2531 - Visual astronomy
27. 895. 2511 - Interstellar medium
28. 897. 2511 - Theoretical astronomy
29. 921. 2436 - Interplanetary medium
30. 943. 2379 - Lofting technology
31. 951. 2369 - Radiation telescopes
32. 968. 2323 - Astrophysics
33. 983. 2305 - Intergalactic medium
34. 984. 2304 - Principles of Radiation Astronomy/Syllabus
35. 994. 2280 - Radiation geography

Those astronomy resources not specifically a part of the course are

1. 302. 5933 - School:Physics and Astronomy
2. 533. 3700 - Skygazing
3. 734. 2899 - Template talk:Astronomy resources
4. 814. 2683 - Astronomy Project
5. 835. 2638 - Moon
6. 963. 2338 - Portal:Physics and Astronomy

See also

References

Further reading

• Eberhard Haug & Werner Nakel (2004). The elementary process of Bremsstrahlung. River Edge NJ: World Scientific. p. Scientific lecture notes in physics, vol. 73. ISBN 9812385789. http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=v4FMtIwTri8C&dq=bremsstrahlung+haug&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=THjay1eeFA&sig=aHe-xMFwT8jxhpAGJHDnxKC6Jjc#PPA29,M1. 
• Kaufmann, W. J. (1994). Universe. W H Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-2379-4. 
• Smith, E.V.P.; Jacobs, K.C.; Zeilik, M.; Gregory, S.A. (1997). Introductory Astronomy and Astrophysics. Thomson Learning. ISBN 0-03-006228-4. 
• Tenorio-Tagle G, Bodenheimer P (1988). "Large-scale expanding superstructures in galaxies". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 26: 145–97. http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1988ARA%26A..26..145T.  General overview.
• Vedrenne, G and Atteia, J.-L. (2009). Gamma-Ray Bursts: The brightest explosions in the Universe. Springer. ISBN 978-3540390855. http://books.google.com/books?id=jZHSdrvzz0gC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. 

External links

• African Journals Online
• Bing Advanced search
• Google Books
• Google scholar Advanced Scholar Search
• International Astronomical Union
• JSTOR
• Lycos search
• NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database - NED
• NASA's National Space Science Data Center
• NCBI All Databases Search
• Office of Scientific & Technical Information
• PubChem Public Chemical Database
• Questia - The Online Library of Books and Journals
• SAGE journals online
• The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
• Scirus for scientific information only advanced search
• SDSS Quick Look tool: SkyServer
• SIMBAD Astronomical Database
• Spacecraft Query at NASA.
• SpringerLink
• Taylor & Francis Online
• Universal coordinate converter
• Wiley Online Library Advanced Search
• Yahoo Advanced Web Search

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Radiation telescopes/Quiz · Radiative dynamo/Quiz · Radio astronomy/Quiz · Red astronomy/Quiz · Regional astronomy/Quiz · Rocks/Quiz · Rocky-object astronomy/Quiz · Saturn/Quiz · Scattered discs/Quiz · Solar astronomy/Quiz · Solar binary/Quiz · Sounding rockets for astronomy/Quiz · Source astronomy/Quiz · Spiral galaxies/Quiz · Standard candles/Quiz · Standard-candles astronomy/Quiz · Standard solar model/Quiz · Star fission/Quiz · Star-forming region/Quiz · Stars/Quiz · Stellar active region/Quiz · Stellar astronomy/Quiz · Stellar science/Quiz · Stellar surface fusion/Quiz · Subatomic astronomy/Quiz · Submillimeter astronomy/Quiz · Sun as an X-ray source/Quiz · Sun/Quiz · Sun-synchronous astronomy/Quiz · Superluminal astronomy/Quiz · Theoretical astronomy/Quiz · Theoretical radiation astronomy/Quiz · Titan/Quiz · Titania/Quiz · Trigonometric-parallax astronomy/Quiz · Triton/Quiz · Ultraviolet astronomy/Quiz · Uranus/Quiz · Vega/Quiz · Venus/Quiz · Vesta/Quiz · Violet astronomy/Quiz · Visual astronomy/Quiz · X-ray astronomy/Quiz · X-ray classification of stars/Quiz · X-ray trigonometric parallax/Quiz · Yellow astronomy/Quiz Topics Amateur astronomy · Astronomy · Astronomy/Courses · Astronomy/Help desk · Astronomy/Wikiresources · Astronomy/Topics · Astrophysics · Basic astronomy · Cosmology · Galactic astronomy · General relativity · Geophysics · Nuclear physics · Particle physics · Planetary science · Radiation astronomy · SkyCam · Special relativity

Principles of radiation astronomy Lectures Astronomy · Planetary science · Mathematical astronomy · Theoretical astronomy · Source astronomy · Radiation · Radiation astronomy · Radiation detectors · Radiation telescopes · Radiation satellites · Theoretical radiation astronomy · Astrophysics · Cosmic-ray astronomy · Neutron astronomy · Proton astronomy · Electron astronomy · Positron astronomy · Neutrino astronomy · Gamma-ray astronomy · X-ray astronomy · Optical astronomy · Ultraviolet astronomy · Visual astronomy · Violet astronomy · Blue astronomy · Cyan astronomy · Green astronomy · Yellow astronomy · Orange astronomy · Red astronomy · Infrared astronomy · Submillimeter astronomy · Radio astronomy · Superluminal astronomy · Lofting technology · Sun as an X-ray source · X-ray classification of stars · Coronal cloud · Radiative dynamo · Radiation chemistry · Radiation geography · Radiation history · Radiation entities · Radiation mathematics · Solar binary · Star fission · Star-forming region · Stellar active region Laboratories Cosmogony · Cratering · Electric orbits · Electron beam heating · Galaxies · Intergalactic medium · Locating the Sun · Meteorites · Neutrinos from the Sun · Observational astronomy · Spectrum of Vega · Standard candles · Vertical precession · X-ray classification of a star · X-ray trigonometric parallax Lessons First blue source in Boötes · First cyan source in Caelum · First gamma-ray source in Triangulum Australe · First green source in Tucana · First infrared source in Crux · First neutron source in Volans · First orange source in Cancer · First positron source in Phoenix · First radio source in Pisces · First red source in Canis Major · First submillimeter source in Carina · First superluminal source in Indus · First ultraviolet source in Sagittarius · First violet source in Leo · First X-ray source in Andromeda · First yellow source in Aquila Problem sets Energy phantoms · Furlongs per fortnight · Radiation mathematics/Problem set · Radiation astronomy/Problem set · Vectors and coordinates · Unknown coordinate systems · Unusual units · Telescopes and cameras · Angular momentum and energy · Cosmic circuits · Column densities · Spectrographs · Planck's equation · Synchrotron radiation · Radiation dosage · Star jumping Quizz section minilectures Astronomical observatories · Cosmogony · Crater astronomy · First astronomical source · First astronomical X-ray source · Galaxies · Intergalactic medium · Interplanetary medium · Interstellar medium · Meteor astronomy · Meteorites · Muon astronomy · Standard candles · Stellar science · Stellar surface fusion · X-ray trigonometric parallax Quizzes Astronomical observatories/Quiz · Astronomy/Quiz · Astrophysics/Quiz · Blue astronomy/Quiz · Coronal cloud/Quiz · Cosmic-ray astronomy/Quiz · Cosmogony/Quiz · Crater astronomy/Quiz · Cyan astronomy/Quiz · Electron astronomy/Quiz · First astronomical source/Quiz · First astronomical X-ray source/Quiz · Galaxies/Quiz · Gamma-ray astronomy/Quiz · Green astronomy/Quiz · Infrared astronomy/Quiz · Intergalactic medium/Quiz · Interplanetary medium/Quiz · Interstellar medium/Quiz · Lofting technology/Quiz · Mathematical astronomy/Quiz · Meteor astronomy/Quiz · Meteorites/Quiz · Muon astronomy/Quiz · Neutrino astronomy/Quiz · Neutron astronomy/Quiz · Optical astronomy/Quiz · Orange astronomy/Quiz · Planetary science/Quiz · Positron astronomy/Quiz · Proton astronomy/Quiz · Radiation/Quiz · Radiation astronomy/Quiz · Radiation chemistry/Quiz · Radiation detectors/Quiz · Radiation entities/Quiz · Radiation geography/Quiz · Radiation history/Quiz · Radiation mathematics/Quiz · Radiation satellites/Quiz · Radiation telescopes/Quiz · Radiative dynamo/Quiz · Radio astronomy/Quiz · Red astronomy/Quiz · Solar binary/Quiz · Source astronomy/Quiz · Standard candles/Quiz · Star fission/Quiz · Star-forming region/Quiz · Stellar active region/Quiz · Stellar science/Quiz · Stellar surface fusion/Quiz · Submillimeter astronomy/Quiz · Sun as an X-ray source/Quiz · Superluminal astronomy/Quiz · Theoretical astronomy/Quiz · Theoretical radiation astronomy/Quiz · Ultraviolet astronomy/Quiz · Violet astronomy/Quiz · Visual astronomy/Quiz · X-ray astronomy/Quiz · X-ray classification of stars/Quiz · X-ray trigonometric parallax/Quiz · Yellow astronomy/Quiz Hourlies Hourly 1 - Lectures 1-16 · Hourly 2 - Lectures 17-32 · Hourly 3 - Lectures 22-48 Major examinations Midterm quiz · Final quiz Course offerings Syllabus