Parkinson's Symptoms/F - G
< Parkinson's SymptomsThe A-Z of Parkinson's Symptoms
F - G
Facial Masking
Redirected to Amimia ( To subpage for editing >> )
Fixed and vacant expression (masking)
Very little research has been carried out on this common PD symptom but the following are relevant :-
Allen (1931) The Dissociation of voluntary and emotional movements of the face with special reference to emotional paresis as a physical sign [2]
Hemmesch et al (2009)The Influence of Facial Masking and Sex on Older Adults’ Impressions of Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease. [3]
Clark et al (2011) Visual Exploration of Emotional Facial Expressions in Parkinson's Disease [4]
Tickle-Degnen et al (2011) Culture, Gender and Health Care Stigma: Practitioners’ Response to Facial Masking Experienced by People with Parkinson’s Disease < [5]
Further Research
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References
- ↑ http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/
- ↑ Allen, I.M.(1931) Full Text The Dissociation of voluntary and emotional movements of the face with special reference to emotional paresis as a physical sign http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1038785/?page=1
- ↑ Hemmesch. Amanda R.; Tickle-Degnen, Linda and Zebrowitz, Leslie A. (2009) Full Text Psychol. Aging 24 (3) 542 – 549 The Influence of Facial Masking and Sex on Older Adults’ Impressions of Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2761205/
- ↑ Clark, Uraina S.; Neargarder, Sandy and Cronin-Golomb, Alice (2011) Full Text Visual Exploration of Emotional Facial Expressions in Parkinson's Disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2876199/
- ↑ Tickle-Degnen, Linda and Zebrowitz, Leslie A. and Ma, Hui-ing (2011) Full Text Soc. Sci. Med. 73 (1) 95 – 102 Culture, Gender and Health Care Stigma: Practitioners’ Response to Facial Masking Experienced by People with Parkinson’s Disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3142938/
Falls
Redirected to Balance ( To subpage for editing >> )
Susceptibility to falls
Alternative terms
Postural instability---Falls
The following references are relevant:-
King et al (2012) Do clinical scales of balance reflect turning abnormalities in people with Parkinson's disease? [1]
Duncan and Earhart (2012) Should One Measure Balance or Gait to Best Predict Falls among People with Parkinson Disease? [2]
Boonsinsukh et al (2012) A Cane Improves Postural Recovery From an Unpracticed Slip During Walking in People With Parkinson Disease [3]
Further Research
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Literature search:
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References
- ↑ King, L.A.; Mancini, M,; Priest, K.; Salarian, A.; Rodrigues-de-Paula, F. and Horak, F. (2012) Full Text J. Neurol. Phys. Ther. 36 (1) 25 – 31 Do clinical scales of balance reflect turning abnormalities in people with Parkinson's disease? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22333919
- ↑ Duncan, Ryan P. And Earhart, Gammon M. (2012) Full Text Parkinsons Dis. 2012 923493 Should One Measure Balance or Gait to Best Predict Falls among People with Parkinson Disease? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3503435/A
- ↑ Boonsinsukh, Rumpa; Saegsirsuwan, Vitoon; Carlson-Kuta, Patricia and Horak, Fay.B. (2012) Full Text Phys. Ther. 92 (9) 1117 – 1129 A Cane Improves Postural Recovery From an Unpracticed Slip During Walking in People With Parkinson Disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3432949/
Festination (forced hurrying of walking, talking or thought)
Forced hurrying of walking, talking or thought.
The following references are relevant:-
Devos et al (2007) Improvement of gait by chronic, high doses of methylphenidate in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease [1]
Hausdorff (2009) Gait dynamics in Parkinson’s disease: Common and distinct behavior among stride length, gait variability, and fractal-like scaling [2]
Hove et al (2012) Interactive Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation Reinstates Natural 1/f Timing in Gait of Parkinson's Patients [3]
Further Research
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References
- ↑ Devos, D.; Krystkowiak, P.; Clement, F.; Dujardin, K.; Cpttencin, O.; Wauquier, N.; Ajebbar, K.; Thielmans, B.; Kroumova, M.; Duhamel, A.; Deste, A.; Border, R. and Defebvre, L. (2007) Full Text J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 78 (5) 470 – J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 78 (5) 470–475. Improvement of gait by chronic, high doses of methylphenidate in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2117830/
- ↑ Hausdorff, Jeffrey M. (2009) Full Text Chaos 19 (2) 026113 Gait dynamics in Parkinson’s disease: Common and distinct behavior among stride length, gait variability, and fractal-like scaling http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2719464/
- ↑ Hove, Michael J.; Suzuki, Kazuko; Uchitomi, Hirotaka; Orimo, Satoshi and Miyake. Yoshihiro (2012) Full Text PLoS One 9 (3) e32600 Interactive Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation Reinstates Natural 1/f Timing in Gait of Parkinson's Patients http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292577/
Flexion (bent or curved posture)
Bent or curved posture
The following references are relevant:-
Hong and Earhart (2010) Effects of Medication on Turning Deficits in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease [1]
Mak et al (2011) Limb Collapse, Rather Than Instability, Causes Failure in Sit-to-Stand Performance Among Patients With Parkinson Disease [2]
Xia et al (2011) Differentiation between the contributions of shortening reaction and stretch-induced inhibition to rigidity in Parkinson’s disease [3]
Further Research
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Literature search:
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References
- ↑ Hong, Minna and Earhart, Gammon M. (2010) Full Text J. Neurol. Phys. Ther. 34 (1) 11 – 16 Effects of Medication on Turning Deficits in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2886796/
- ↑ Mak, Margaret K.Y.: Yang, Feng and Pai, Yi-Chung (2011) Full Text Phys. Ther. 91 (3) 381 – 391 Limb Collapse, Rather Than Instability, Causes Failure in Sit-to-Stand Performance Among Patients With Parkinson Disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3048819/
- ↑ Xia, Ruiping; Powell, Douglas; Rymer, W. Zev.; Hanson, Nicholas;Fang, Xiang and Threlkeld, A. Joseph (2011) Full Text Exp. Brain Res. 209 (4) 609 – 618 Differentiation between the contributions of shortening reaction and stretch-induced inhibition to rigidity in Parkinson’s disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3142787/
Foot Drop (locomotion defect whereby the heel of a foot is raised from the ground while walking)
Foot Drop or (Drop Foot)
Locomotion defect whereby the heel of a foot is raised from the ground while walking
The following references are relevant:-
Belfiore and Campanella (1994) A clinical sign of Parkinson's disease: the absence of lateral foot drop [1]
Rogers et al (2011) Perturbations of ground support alter posture and locomotion coupling during step initiation in Parkinson's disease [2]
The following references are relevant:-
Further Research
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Literature search:
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References
- ↑ Belfiore, G. and Campanella, G. (1994) AbstractActa Neurol. (Napoli). 16 (5-6) 291 – 92 A clinical sign of Parkinson's disease: the absence of lateral foot drop http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7709801
- ↑ Rogers, M.W.; Hilliard, M.J.; Martinez, K.; Zhang, Y.;Simuni, T. and Mille, M.L. (2011) AbstractExp. Brain Res. 208 (4) 557 – 567 Perturbations of ground support alter posture and locomotion coupling during step initiation in Parkinson's disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21153725a
Freezing of Gait
Inability to initiate locomotion
The following references are relevant:-
Morris et al (2010)
Striding Out With Parkinson Disease: Evidence-Based Physical Therapy for Gait Disorders
[1]
Maidan et al (2010)
Heart rate changes during freezing of gait in patients with Parkinson's disease [2]
Espay et al(2012) “On” state freezing of gait in Parkinson disease - A paradoxical levodopa-induced complication [3]
Further Research
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Literature search:
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References
- ↑ Morris, Meg. E.; Martin, Clarissa L. and Schenkman, Margaret L.(2010) Full Text Phys. Ther. 90 (2) 280 – 288 Striding Out With Parkinson Disease: Evidence-Based Physical Therapy for Gait Disorders http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816030/
- ↑ Maidan, I; Plotnik, M.; Mirelman, M. Wess, A.; Giladi, N.; and Haudorff, J.M. (2010) Full Text Mov. Disord. 25 (14) 2346 -2354 Heart rate changes during freezing of gait http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2964413/
- ↑ Espay, A.J.; Fasano, A.; van Nuenen, B.F.J.; Payne, M.M; Snijders, A.H. and Bloem, B.R. (2012) Full Text. Neurology 78 (7) 454 – 457 ”On” state freezing of gait in Parkinson disease - A paradoxical levodopa-induced complication http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3466608/
Gegenhalten (involuntary variable resistance during passive movement)
Involuntary variable resistance during passive movement
The following references are relevant:-
Bahram et al (2009) Exercise therapy, quality of life, and activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson disease: a small scale quasi-randomised trial [1]
Franzen et al (2009) Reduced Performance in Balance, Walking and Turning Tasks is Associated with Increased Neck Tone in Parkinson's Disease [2]
Xia et al (2011) Differentiation between the contributions of shortening reaction and stretch-induced inhibition to rigidity in Parkinson’s disease [3]
Further Research
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Literature search:
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References
- ↑ Yousefi, Bahram; Tadibi Valud; Khoei, Ali Fathollahzadeh and Montazen, Ali (2009) Full Text Trials 2009 10 67 Exercise therapy, quality of life, and activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson disease: a small scale quasi-randomised trial < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2736167/
- ↑ Franzen, Erika; Paquette, Caroline; Gurfunkel, Victor S.; Cordo, Paul J.; Nutt, John G. and Horak, Fay B. (2009) Full Text Exp. Neurol. 218 (2) 430 – 438 Reduced Performance in Balance, Walking and Turning Tasks is Associated with Increased Neck Tone in Parkinson's Disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775914/
- ↑ Xia, Ruiping; Powell, Douglas ; Rymer, W. Zev ; Hanson, Nicholas; Fang, Xiang and Joseph A. 2011 Full Text Exp. Brain Res. 209 (4) 609 – 618 Differentiation between the contributions of shortening reaction and stretch-induced inhibition to rigidity in Parkinson’s disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3142787/
Glabellar tap (tapping just above the nose)
Tapping just above the nose (which can initiate involuntary blinking in PD)
The following references are relevant:-
Klawans Jr. and Goodwin (1969) Reversal of the glabellar reflex in Parkinsonism by L-dopa. [1]
Penders and Delwaide (1971) Blink reflex studies in patients with Parkinsonism before and during therapy[2]
Brodsky et al (2004) Glabellar and palmomental reflexes in Parkinsonian disorders. [3]
Further Research
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Literature search:
- Use the following links to query the PubMed, PubMed Central and Google Scholar databases using the Search terms:- Parkinson's_Disease Glabellar tap.
- This will list the latest papers on this topic. You are invited to update this page to reflect such recent results, pointing out their significance.
References
- ↑ Klawans Jr., H.L. and Goodwin, J.A, font color="maroon">(1969) Full Text J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 32 (5) 423 – 427 Reversal of the glabellar reflex in Parkinsonism by L-dopa. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC496552/
- ↑ Pemders, C.A. and Delwaide, P.J. font color="maroon">(1972) Full Text J. Neurol. Neurosur.g Psychiatry. 34 (6) 674 – 678. Blink reflex studies in patients with Parkinsonism before and during therapy http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1083500/
- ↑ Brodsky, H.; Dat Vuong, K.; Thomas, M. and Jankovic. J. font color="maroon">(2004) Abstract Neurology. 63 (6) 1096 - 1098. Glabellar and palmomental reflexes in Parkinsonian disorders. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15452308
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Links to the symptoms of Parkinson's in alphabetical order:
| A | B | C | D | E |
| F - G | H | I - L | M - N | O |
| P - Q | R | S | T | U - Z |
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