Motivation and emotion/Textbook/Motivation/Brain

Motivational & emotional states associated with brain structure: Approach-oriented

Brain structure	Location	Associated motivational or emotional experience
Hypothalamus		Pleasurable feelings associated with feeding, drinking, and mating
Medial Forebrain Bundle	(Limbic system)	Pleasure, reinforcement
Orbitofrontal Cortex		Learning the incentive value of events, making choice
Septal area	(Limbic sytem\)	Pleasure centre associated with sociability, sexuality
Nucleas Accumbens	(Limbic system)	Pleasure experience of reward, hotspot for liking
Anterior Cingulate Cortex		Mood, volition, making choices
Cerebral Cortex (Frontal Lobes)		Making plans, setting goals, formulating intentions
Left Prefrontal Cerebral Cortex		Approach motivational and emotional tendencies
Medial Prefrontal Cerebral Cortex		Learning response-outcome contingencies that underlie perceived control beliefs and mastery motivation

Note: Based on Reeve (2009), Figure 3.1, p. 54.

Motivational & emotional states associated with brain structure: Avoidance-oriented

Brain structure	Location	Associated motivational or emotional experience'
Right Prefrontal Cerebral Cortex		Withdrawal motivational and emotional tendencies
Amygdala		Detects and responds to threat and danger (e.g., via fear, anger, and anxiety); has a primary role in the formation and storage of memories associated with emotional event.
Hippocampus		Behavioural inhibition system during unexpected events.

Motivational & emotional states associated with brain structure: Arousal-oriented

Note: Based on Reeve (2009) Figure 3.1, p. 54.