Gene transcriptions/Boxes/HY

< Gene transcriptions < Boxes

A core responsive element is the hypertrophy region HY box between -89 and -60 nucleotides (nts) upstream from the transcription start site.[1]

Boxes

"[A] repeating sequence of nucleotides that forms a transcription or a regulatory signal"[2] is a box.

Consensus sequences

"Deletion analysis by a series of 5′-deletion constructs identified the responsive region to RUNX-2 as being between −81 bp and −76 bp, containing a putative RUNX-2 binding sequence (TGAGGG), which is similar to that identified in the promoter region of human interleukin-3 (TGTGGG) (33)."[1] This suggests a consensus sequence of 3'-TG(A/T)GGG-5' on the template strand in the direction of transcription.

RUNX2

The gene RUNX2 "is a member of the RUNX family of transcription factors and encodes a nuclear protein with an Runt DNA-binding domain. This protein is essential for osteoblastic differentiation and skeletal morphogenesis and acts as a scaffold for nucleic acids and regulatory factors involved in skeletal gene expression. The protein can bind DNA both as a monomer or, with more affinity, as a subunit of a heterodimeric complex."[3]

COL10A1

The gene COL10A1 "encodes the alpha chain of type X collagen, a short chain collagen expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes during endochondral ossification. Unlike type VIII collagen, the other short chain collagen, type X collagen is a homotrimer."[4]

Human COL10A1, GeneID: 1300, has an HY box as the core responsive element.[1]

Research

Hypothesis:

  1. A1BG is not transcribed by an HY box.

Control groups

This is an image of a Lewis rat. Credit: Charles River Laboratories.

The findings demonstrate a statistically systematic change from the status quo or the control group.

“In the design of experiments, treatments [or special properties or characteristics] are applied to [or observed in] experimental units in the treatment group(s).[5] In comparative experiments, members of the complementary group, the control group, receive either no treatment or a standard treatment.[6]"[7]

Proof of concept

Def. a “short and/or incomplete realization of a certain method or idea to demonstrate its feasibility"[8] is called a proof of concept.

Def. evidence that demonstrates that a concept is possible is called proof of concept.

The proof-of-concept structure consists of

  1. background,
  2. procedures,
  3. findings, and
  4. interpretation.[9]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Akiro Higashikawa, Taku Saito, Toshiyuki Ikeda, Satoru Kamekura, Naohiro Kawamura, Akinori Kan, Yasushi Oshima, Shinsuke Ohba, Naoshi Ogata, Katsushi Takeshita, Kozo Nakamura, Ung-Il Chung, Hiroshi Kawaguchi (January 2009). "Identification of the core element responsive to runt-related transcription factor 2 in the promoter of human type x collagen gene". Arthritis & Rheumatism 60 (1): 166-78. doi:10.1002/art.24243. PMID 19116917. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.24243/full. Retrieved 2013-06-18.
  2. ↑ "Box (disambiguation), In: Wikipedia". San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. May 23, 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-15.
  3. ↑ RUNX2 runt-related transcription factor 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]. 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. June 13, 2013. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/860. Retrieved 2013-06-18.
  4. ↑ HGNC (June 9, 2013). "COL10A1 collagen, type X, alpha 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2013-06-18.
  5. ↑ Klaus Hinkelmann, Oscar Kempthorne (2008). Design and Analysis of Experiments, Volume I: Introduction to Experimental Design (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-72756-9. http://books.google.com/?id=T3wWj2kVYZgC&printsec=frontcover.
  6. ↑ R. A. Bailey (2008). Design of comparative experiments. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-68357-9. http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521683579.
  7. ↑ "Treatment and control groups, In: Wikipedia". San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. May 18, 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
  8. ↑ "proof of concept, In: Wiktionary". San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. November 10, 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  9. ↑ Ginger Lehrman and Ian B Hogue, Sarah Palmer, Cheryl Jennings, Celsa A Spina, Ann Wiegand, Alan L Landay, Robert W Coombs, Douglas D Richman, John W Mellors, John M Coffin, Ronald J Bosch, David M Margolis (August 13, 2005). "Depletion of latent HIV-1 infection in vivo: a proof-of-concept study". Lancet 366 (9485): 549-55. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67098-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1894952/. Retrieved 2012-05-09.

External links

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