Geochronology/Quiz

< Geochronology
This clock representation shows some of the major units of geological time and definitive events of Earth history. Credit: .

Geochronology is an article and a lecture from the school of geology.

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Quiz

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Ignore the questions' coefficients:

1. Yes or No, The Archean and Proterozoic are both eons.

Yes
No

2. Geochronology is the science of applying dates in the past to?

3. True or False, The Hadean eon represents the time before fossil record of life on Earth; its upper boundary is now regarded as 4.0 Ga (billion years ago).

TRUE
FALSE

4. The Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic are eras of the?

eon.

5. The two million year Quaternary period is the time of recognizable?

6. Complete the text:

Match up the geological time unit with the title:
Holocene - A
Gelasian - B
Paleogene - C
Triassic - D
Devonian - E
Archean - F
Precambrian - G
period of the Mesozoic .
supereon .
age .
eon .
epoch .
period of the Paleozoic
period .

7. Orbitally forced cyclicity includes?

Jupiter-Venus conjunctions
chemical and physical proxies from sedimentary rock sequences
palaeoclimatic studies
marine Cenozoic sequences
meteorite impacts from the asteroid belt
spectral analysis of the magnetic susceptibility (MS) record

8. True or False, Ammonite zone duration estimates are made by counting the interpreted precession cycles.

TRUE
FALSE

9. The GSSP section near El Kef contains?

one main feature that allows for a direct correlation of this marine section with continental sections
the base of the Danian Stage
the base GSSP for the Paleogene
the base GSSP for the Tertiary
the base GSSP for the Paleocene
the Ir anomaly at the base of the Boundary Clay
the base GSSP for the Cenozoic

10. Yes or No, Hindeodus parvus is now recognized as the index fossil, occurring in the Zone above the P-T boundary.

Yes
No

11. Complete the text:

Match up the type of silicate with the name:
Precambrian - A
Proterozoic - B
Adelaidean - C
Neoproterozoic - D
Ediacaran - E
Cryogenian - F
when algae and sponges flourished .
marked by the build up of oxygen in the atmosphere .
the Marinoan and the Sturtian .
the time and geology dated before the Phanerozoic .
the interglacial Tapley Hill Formation
the Delamerian Granites and the Adelaide Rift Complex .

12. The Mesoproterozoic may include which of the following?

a geologic era within the Proterozoic eon
the Cambrian
the Calymmian, Ectasian and Stennian periods
the Rodinia supercontinent
the formation of the Moon
about 1600 to 900 million years ago

13. Phenomena associated with the Azoic?

have a gaseous atmosphere
destitute of any vestige of organic life, or at least of animal life
anterior to the existence of animal life
kamacite in meteorites
taenite in meteorites
formed when there was no animal life on the globe

14. Phenomena associated with the Archean include?

the eon from 2,500 Ma to 4,000 Ma
marked by an atmosphere with little oxygen
the Neoarchean came before the Mesoarchean
the Eoarchean came before the Paleoarchean
marked by the formation of the solar system
a stable Earth-Moon orbit

15. Which of the following is out of geochronological order?

Cambrian
Silurian
Ordovician
Devonian
Mississippian
Permian

16. A terrestrial planet is composed primarily of?

17. Which of the following is out of reverse geochronological order?

Pleistocene
Holocene
Pliocene
Miocene
Oligocene
Eocene

18. What phenomena may be associated with K/Pg boundary?

clay in the Geulhemmergroeve tunnels near Geulhem, The Netherlands
the Badlands near Drumheller, Alberta
the cliffs at Stevns
an extensive osmium layer
traces of Fe-Ni alloys
Trinidad Lake State Park, Colorado, USA

19. True or False, In the Greenland ice cores, the Pleistocene–Holocene transition is chronologically constrained between two clearly defined tephra horizons.

TRUE
FALSE

20. The Holocene starts at ~11,700 b2k and extends to the?

21. Which geological phenomena are associated with the Subboreal?

period around 850-760 BC
characterized by an increase in solar activity
a sharp increase of Δ 14C
characterized by a decrease in solar activity
preceded by the Subatlantic
solar forcing of climate change

22. The ancient history period dates from around 8,000 to 3,000?

23. Complete the text:

The Pre-boreal period marks the transition from the climate of the Late-glacial to the climate of the time.

24. The Chalcolithic is often referred to as the Copper?

25. Which geochemical phenomena are associated with the Younger Dryas?

during the Last Glacial Termination
an abrupt return to interglacial conditions
an abrupt return to glacial-like conditions
summer (1.May to 30.September) temperature dropped 5-6°C during less than two centuries
transition to a warmer, interglacial climate
indicated by changes in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma

26. Excess 14C in Cariaco Basin sediments indicates a slowing in thermohaline?

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Research

Hypothesis:

  1. Tephra layers may be the best geochronometer.

Control groups

This is an image of a Lewis rat. Credit: Charles River Laboratories.

The findings demonstrate a statistically systematic change from the status quo or the control group.

“In the design of experiments, treatments [or special properties or characteristics] are applied to [or observed in] experimental units in the treatment group(s).[1] In comparative experiments, members of the complementary group, the control group, receive either no treatment or a standard treatment.[2]"[3]

Proof of concept

Def. a “short and/or incomplete realization of a certain method or idea to demonstrate its feasibility"[4] is called a proof of concept.

Def. evidence that demonstrates that a concept is possible is called proof of concept.

The proof-of-concept structure consists of

  1. background,
  2. procedures,
  3. findings, and
  4. interpretation.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Klaus Hinkelmann, Oscar Kempthorne (2008). Design and Analysis of Experiments, Volume I: Introduction to Experimental Design (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-72756-9. http://books.google.com/?id=T3wWj2kVYZgC&printsec=frontcover.
  2. ↑ R. A. Bailey (2008). Design of comparative experiments. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-68357-9. http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521683579.
  3. ↑ "Treatment and control groups, In: Wikipedia". San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. May 18, 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
  4. ↑ "proof of concept, In: Wiktionary". San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. November 10, 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  5. ↑ Ginger Lehrman and Ian B Hogue, Sarah Palmer, Cheryl Jennings, Celsa A Spina, Ann Wiegand, Alan L Landay, Robert W Coombs, Douglas D Richman, John W Mellors, John M Coffin, Ronald J Bosch, David M Margolis (August 13, 2005). "Depletion of latent HIV-1 infection in vivo: a proof-of-concept study". Lancet 366 (9485): 549-55. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67098-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1894952/. Retrieved 2012-05-09.

External links

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Subject classification: this is an archaeology resource.
Subject classification: this is a biology resource .
Subject classification: this is a geography resource .
Subject classification: this is a Geology resource.
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