Cytogenetics

This is a spectral karyotype (SKY) of a human female. Credit: National Human Genome Research Institute, USA.

Cytogenetics is the study of inheritance in relation to the structure and function of chromosomes.

Theoretical cytogenetics

Def. the "branch of genetics that studies the relationships between the structure and number of chromosomes as seen in isolated cells and variation in genotype and phenotype" is called cytogenetics.

Melanocytes

This is a white, null mouse that has been knocked-out for tyrosinase. Credit: The Jackson Laboratory.

In humans, a melanogenic enzyme, tyrosinase, is produced by the gene, GeneID: 7299. Actually, this gene produces a precursor to the enzyme. The precursor is activated once inside a closed melanosome.

"The enzyme [EC 1.14.18.1] encoded by this gene [GeneID: 7299] catalyzes the first 2 steps, and at least 1 subsequent step, in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. The enzyme has both tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa oxidase catalytic activities, and requires copper for function."[1]

Research

Hypothesis:

  1. Each cell type has its own unique genome.

Control groups

This is an image of a Lewis rat. Credit: Charles River Laboratories.

The findings demonstrate a statistically systematic change from the status quo or the control group.

“In the design of experiments, treatments [or special properties or characteristics] are applied to [or observed in] experimental units in the treatment group(s).[2] In comparative experiments, members of the complementary group, the control group, receive either no treatment or a standard treatment.[3]"[4]

Proof of concept

Def. a “short and/or incomplete realization of a certain method or idea to demonstrate its feasibility"[5] is called a proof of concept.

Def. evidence that demonstrates that a concept is possible is called proof of concept.

The proof-of-concept structure consists of

  1. background,
  2. procedures,
  3. findings, and
  4. interpretation.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ NCBI (12 June 2014). "TYR tyrosinase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". Bethesda, Maryland USA: National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 2014-07-08.
  2. ↑ Klaus Hinkelmann, Oscar Kempthorne (2008). Design and Analysis of Experiments, Volume I: Introduction to Experimental Design (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-72756-9. http://books.google.com/?id=T3wWj2kVYZgC&printsec=frontcover.
  3. ↑ R. A. Bailey (2008). Design of comparative experiments. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-68357-9. http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521683579.
  4. ↑ "Treatment and control groups, In: Wikipedia". San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. May 18, 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
  5. ↑ "proof of concept, In: Wiktionary". San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. November 10, 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  6. ↑ Ginger Lehrman and Ian B Hogue, Sarah Palmer, Cheryl Jennings, Celsa A Spina, Ann Wiegand, Alan L Landay, Robert W Coombs, Douglas D Richman, John W Mellors, John M Coffin, Ronald J Bosch, David M Margolis (August 13, 2005). "Depletion of latent HIV-1 infection in vivo: a proof-of-concept study". Lancet 366 (9485): 549-55. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67098-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1894952/. Retrieved 2012-05-09.

External links

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Subject classification: this is a genetics resource.
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