Collagen
Collagen is a fibrous protein found in skin, bone, tendons, muscles, teeth, and cartilage. There are more than 25 types of collagens. Collagen is one of the most plentiful proteins present in the bodies of mammals, including humans. It makes up about 25 percent of the total amount of proteins in the body. [1] [2]
| Type | Notes [3] | Gene(s) | Disorders |
| I | This is the most abundant collagen of the human body. It is present in scar tissue, the end product when tissue heals by repair. It is found in tendons, skin, artery walls, the endomysium of myofibrils, fibrocartilage, and the organic part of bones and teeth. | COL1A1, COL1A2 | osteogenesis imperfecta, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Infantile cortical hyperostosis aka Caffey's disease |
| II | Hyaline cartilage, makes up 50% of all cartilage protein. Vitreous humour of the eye. | COL2A1 | Collagenopathy, types II and XI |
| III | This is the collagen of granulation tissue, and is produced quickly by young fibroblasts before the tougher type I collagen is synthesized. Reticular fiber. Also found in artery walls, skin, intestines and the uterus | COL3A1 | Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome |
| IV | basal lamina; eye lens. Also serves as part of the filtration system in capillaries and the glomeruli of nephron in the kidney. | COL4A1, COL4A2, COL4A3, COL4A4, COL4A5, COL4A6 | Alport syndrome, Goodpasture's syndrome |
| V | most interstitial tissue, assoc. with type I, associated with placenta | COL5A1, COL5A2, COL5A3 | Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (Classical) |
| VI | most interstitial tissue, assoc. with type I | COL6A1, COL6A2, COL6A3 | Ulrich myopathy and Bethlem myopathy |
| VII | forms anchoring fibrils in dermal epidermal junctions | COL7A1 | epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica |
| VIII | some endothelial cells | COL8A1, COL8A2 | Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy 2 |
| IX | FACIT collagen, cartilage, assoc. with type II and XI fibrils | COL9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3 | - EDM2 and EDM3 |
| X | hypertrophic and mineralizing cartilage | COL10A1 | Schmid metaphyseal dysplasia |
| XI | cartilage | COL11A1, COL11A2 | Collagenopathy, types II and XI |
| XII | FACIT collagen, interacts with type I containing fibrils, decorin and glycosaminoglycans | COL12A1 | - |
| XIII | transmembrane collagen, interacts with integrin a1b1, fibronectin and components of basement membranes like nidogen and perlecan. | COL13A1 | - |
| XIV | FACIT collagen | COL14A1 | - |
| XV | - | COL15A1 | - |
| XVI | - | COL16A1 | - |
| XVII | transmembrane collagen, also known as BP180, a 180 kDa protein | COL17A1 | Bullous pemphigoid and certain forms of junctional epidermolysis bullosa |
| XVIII | source of endostatin | COL18A1 | - |
| XIX | FACIT collagen | COL19A1 | - |
| XX | - | COL20A1 | - |
| XXI | FACIT collagen | COL21A1 | - |
| XXII | - | COL22A1 | - |
| XXIII | MACIT collagen - | COL23A1 | - |
| XXIV | - | COL24A1 | - |
| XXV | - | COL25A1 | - |
| XXVI | - | EMID2 | - |
| XXVII | - | COL27A1 | - |
| XXVIII | - | COL28A1 | - |
| XXIX | epidermal collagen | COL29A1 | Atopic dermatitis[4] |
References
- ↑ http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-collagen.htm
- ↑ Saad Mohamed (1994) "Low resolution structure and packing investigations of collagen crystalline domains in tendon using Synchrotron Radiation X-rays, Structure factors determination, evaluation of Isomorphous Replacement methods and other modeling." PhD Thesis, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen
- ↑ Söderhäll, C.; Marenholz, I.; Kerscher, T.; Rüschendorf, F; Rüschendorf, F.; Esparza-Gordillo, J.; et al., C; Mayr, G et al. (2007). "Variants in a Novel Epidermal Collagen Gene (COL29A1) Are Associated with Atopic Dermatitis". PLoS Biology 5 (9): e242. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050242. PMID 17850181. PMC 1971127. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1971127/.
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