Sugu ni Hajimemashō


The following lists are in flux...

  1. Phrases: Greetings (hajimemasite, konnichiha, konbanha, ...)
  2. Phrases: Basic (gomen, onegaisimasu, ...)
  3. Grammar: Copula use (past and present tense)
    • Particles: ha, ga
  4. Suffixes: -go (language), -hito/jinn
  1. Grammar: Existance (iru/aru) (two lessons?)
    • Particles: ni, he
    • Particles: wo
  2. Grammar: Questions (~ha Q, Q-ga~)
    • Particles: ka
  3. Particles: to, ya
  4. Grammar: Subject and topic in same sentence (~ha ~ga...)
  1. Grammar: Possessive (N-no~, N-no-N)
  2. Grammar: Requesting confirmation (~desho ... maybe ne and yo, too)
    • Particles: ne, yo, wa (Merge with "Requesting confirmation"?)
  3. Grammar: Verbs (past and present tenses) (BIG MODULE)
  4. Grammar: Counting
  1. Grammar: Requests (N-wo kudasai, N-wo/V-te kudasaimasenka)
  2. Suffixes: Time (ji, funn, goro)
  3. Grammar: Suggesting activities (-mashou, -masenka)
  4. Suffixes: Time-periods (jikann, funn, kurai)
  1. Grammar: Verb te-form (-aru/-iru)
  2. Suffixes: Calendar (tugi, nichi, youbi)
  3. Phrases: Eating (itadakimasu and gochisosamadesita)
  4. Grammar: Stating wishes (N-ga hosii, V-tai)
  1. Grammar: Adjectives (i- past and present)
  2. Grammar: Adjectives (na- past and present)
  3. Grammar: Requests (V-te kudasai, V-naide kudasai)
  4. Phrases: Entering a house (gomenkudasai, situreisimasu, ... maybe ojamasimasu)
  1. Grammar: Adverbial clause (-toki) (chuu?)
  2. Grammar: Adverbial clause (-maeni, -nagara)
  3. Grammar: Adverbial clause (-atode, -ta atode)
  1. Grammar: Demonstratives (could be split into several lessons, improving vocabulary and reviewing grammar)
  2. Grammar: Interrogatives (
  3. Grammar: Interrogatives (itu, ikutu, ikura)
  4. Grammar: Interrogatives (
    • Grammar: Quantifier (nanika, daremo, ...)
      • Grammar: Change (mada and mou)

      Unallocated content:

      1. (Grammar: Stating needs (-hituyou))
      2. Grammar: Verbs (transitivity)
      3. Grammar: Verbs (conjugation for multiple actions)
      4. Grammar: interjections (~ ga(but) ~)
      5. Grammar: Becomes sth (~naru)
      6. Grammar: Because (-te, -kara)
      7. Grammar: Called (~to iu)
      8. Grammar: Equating or making (suru) ???
      9. Particles: de
      10. Particles: kara, made
      11. Particles: Combination of case markers and ha/mo
      12. Particles: kurai
      13. Particles: dake
      14. Particles: sikasi
      15. Suffixes: -chuu
      16. Suffixes: -tachi/-gata
      17. Suffixes: Counters (mai, sara, hon, ...)
      18. Suffixes: -gara (to feel)
      19. Suffixes: -gawa (side, to side)
      20. Suffixes: -sugi (too much, over)
      21. Suffixes: -zutu (apiece)
      22. Suffixes: -ya (shop)

      Still unallocated:

      Sentence Patterns/Expressions

      Phrases

      ごめんなさい Excuse me./I'm sorry.
      すみません Excuse me.
      おねがいします Please.
      どうもありがとうございました Thank you very much (very polite)
      こちらこそ No, thank you! (used when responding to someone saying "Thank you!")
      いいえどういたしまして no problem at all.

      Entering a house

      おじゃまします I hope you don't mind me coming in.
      しつれいしました Excuse me. (used usually while leaving a room.)
      しつれいします Excuse me. (used usually while entering a room.)

      Eating

      いただきます thanks for this meal! (before eating)
      ごちそうさまでした a thanks said after meals

      Greetings

      はじめまして nice to meet you. how do you do?
      どうぞよろしく pleased to meet you. please favor me with your friendship/kindness
      ではおげんきで well then, take care.
      ではまた See ya later.
      こんにちは Hello. (daytime greeting)
      こんばんは Good evening, Hello
      さよなら Goodbye
      おはよう(ございます) good morning
      おやすみ(なさい) good night
      いらっしゃいませ Welcome to the store! (merchant greeting)

      Requests

      N+をください please give me N
      V+てください please do V. (polite request)
      V+ないでください please do not do V. (polite request-neg)
      N+を/V+てくださいませんか won't you please do

      Suggesting activities

      V+ましょう "Let's do V." volitional, polite
      V+ませんか Why don't we do V?

      Stating wishes

      N+がほしい I want N
      V+たい "I want to V"

      Adverbial clauses

      ...とき adverbial clause, when ... , ...
      V+ながら adverbial clause, While V, ...
      V+てから adverbial clause, After/Since V, ...
      V+たあとで ta instead of te, adverbial clause, After V, ...
      V+まえに adverbial clause, Before V

      Change

      まだ implies no change (or that something is still under way):

      まだ+Positive still
      まだ+Negative not yet

      もう implies a change has occurred (or that something has been completed):

      もう+Positive already
      もう+Negative no longer

      Relative clause

      [V/+Adj/+Adj-Na]+N relative clause modifying a noun

      Copula use

      N+だった N+ではなかった N+だ N+ではない
      N+でした N+ではありませんでした N+です N+ではありません
      N+で te-form of desu

      Existence

      N+は+Place+にある/いる existence of an item in a place using a topic marker
      Place+に+N+がある/いる existence of an item in a place using subject marker
      Place+に+N+が+Q+ある/いる existence of Q items in a place using subject marker

      Pro-forms

      Demonstrative

      これ/それ/あれ/どれ this / that / that over there / which?
      この/その/あの/どの this one / that one / that one over there / which one?
      ここ/そこ/あそこ/どこ this place / that place / that place over there/ where?
      こちら/そちら/あちら/どちら (こっち/そっち/あっち/どっち) this person / that person / that person over there / who

      Interrogatives

      なに/なん what
      だれ/どなた who
      いつ when or how soon
      いくつ how many?
      いくら how much?
      どれ/どの/どこ/どちら which / which one / where / who
      どう/いかが how, in what what, how about
      どんな what kind of
      どのぐらい/どれぐらい how far, how long, how much
      なぜ/どうして/なんで why

      Quantifier

      なにか/だれか/どこかへ/... something, someone, somewhere, etc.,
      なにも/だれも/どこへも/... nothing, no one, nowhere, etc.,

      Verbs

      The plain and polite, past and present, polite and negative.

      Past positive Past negative Present positive Present negative
      V + た V + なかった V V + ない
      V + ました V + ませんでした V + ます V + ません

      Other forms

      structure Description Relevant pages
      N + が + Vit / N + を + Vt intransitive and transitive verb use Japanese/Grammar/Transitivity
      V+て verb, te-form Japanese/Grammar/Verbs/te form
      V+てある verb, te-form "completed" state Japanese/Grammar/Verbs/te form
      V+ている verb, te-form progressive Japanese/Grammar/Verbs/te form/iru

      Adjectives

      Adj adjective without desu

      basic い-adjective forms

      <adjective>   ( です )* present positive
      くない present negative
      かった past positive
      くなかった past negative

      Polite with copula, plain without.

      basic な-adjective forms

      <adjective>   <copula>
      な <noun>

      The copula determines tense and politeness, but is dropped for the plain present positive.

      Unsorted

      Adj + くて i-adj, te-form
      Adj + く + V adverb
      Adj + の adj+pronoun/one/thing (e.g., white thing)
      Adj + N + で na-adj te-form
      Adj + N + に + V n-adj adverb
      Adj + N + な + N n-adj + noun
      Adj + N + の na-adj + pronoun

      Miscellaneous grammatical structures

      〜 + は + Q topic particle using questions
      Q + が + 〜 subject particle using WH-questions
      〜 は 〜 が using both subject and topic particle in the same sentence
      N + の + N noun modifying another noun or possessive.
      N + の possessive
      〜 が 〜 〜 but 〜
      〜でしょう 〜, eh? / 〜, right? (requesting confirmation)
      一つ, 二つ, ..., １０ numbers
      V+ たり ... V+たり conjunction for multiple actions
      { Adj+く / Adj+N+に / N+に } なる becomes { Adj / N }
      する equating or making, (e.g., I made A from B)
      〜という called this 〜
      〜て because 〜 / since 〜
      〜から because 〜 / since 〜

      Particles

      は topic marker, contrast marker
      が subject marker
      を direct object marker, starting point of the action, place of the action
      に location marker, object marker for some verbs (e.g., to meet at), time marker, goal marker, intervals
      へ direction marker,
      と noun conjunction "and", "together" or "with"
      や & など list particle, but can be used to mean "and so forth" (e.g., AやBなど will mean A and B and so forth. など is optional.)
      も also/too
      で location marker for action verbs, by means marker (e.g., I went to the school by bus.), cause and effect marker, totals marker
      から/まで AからBまで - from A to B.
      か question marker
      ね sentence end marker, applies emphasis, or a quest for confirmation
      よ sentence end marker, applies certainty or request
      わ feminine form of ね
      格助詞+は/も combination of particles and は/も
      ぐらい about/almost/approx
      だけ only / just
      しか only or nothing but

      Suffixes

      〜中 - all/ entire / throughout (time)
      〜たち/がた makes the attached noun plural (plain/polite)
      〜あまり〜ない not very, negative sentences
      〜枚/冊/本... counters
      〜月/〜日/〜曜日 calendar
      〜時/〜時半/〜時〜/〜分/〜時〜分前/〜ごろ time
      〜時間/〜分/〜ぐらい minutes, hours
      〜がる to feel (used with adj)
      〜がわ side of something, or taking someone's side
      〜語(ご) language
      〜人(じん) person
      〜すぎ too much, over
      〜ずつ apiece
      〜屋(や) 〜 shop

      Other stuff that we should work in

      Praise

      Please and Thank You

      Getting Attention

      Apology

      Farewells

      Finding the bathroom

      Hesitation noises

      Hesitation noises, or vocal pauses, are the "uh" and "um" of a language, filler sounds we produce when we pause to think while speaking. Using the correct hesitation noises can make the difference between natural sounding Japanese, and awkward foreign sounding speech.

      They are:

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