Portuguese/Contents/BPL1/Terceira lição

Verb "ir"/ Verbo ir

The verb to go is an important verb in Portuguese. It's an irregular verb:

Person	Portuguese	English
1. s.	eu vou	I go
2. s.	você vai	you go
3. s.	ele/ela vai	he/she/it goes
1. p.	nós vamos	we go
2. p.	vocês vão	you all go
3. p.	eles/elas vão	they go

See some examples:

Nós vamos para a escola. ("We go to the school.")

Eles vão para a casa deles. ("They go to their house.")

Compound future/Futuro composto

The verb "ir" can work as an auxiliary verb for the (near) future tense (just like "to be going to" in English). This structure is made using the "ir" plus the infinitive of an other verb.

See some examples:

Nós vamos ser amigos. ("We are going to be friends.")

Eles vão estar aqui? ("Are they going to be here?")

Ele não vai estudar português, mas eu vou. ("He is not going to study Portuguese, but I am going to.")

Present indicative of regular verbs/Presente do indicativo de verbos regulares

The conjugation form for each stem vowel in the present indicative tense is much alike. There is a table below with all three of them (stem vowels are highlighted):

Tense	Person	1st conjugation	2nd conjugation	3rd conjugation
Present indicative	eu	–o	–o	–o
	você	–a	–e	–e
	ele/ela	–a	–e	–e
	nós	–amos	–emos	–imos
	vocês	–am	–em	–em
	eles/elas	–am	–em	–em
Infinitive		–ar	–er	–ir

Conjugation rules:

the first person singular (eu) always take -o.
the second person singular (você) takes the stem vowel (ir-verbs take -e instead).
the third person singular (ele/ela) takes the stem vowel (ir-verbs take -e instead).
the first person plural (nós) takes the stem vowel plus -mos.
the second person plural (vocês) is equals to the third person singular (você) plus -m.
the third person plural (eles/elas) is equals to the third person singular (ele/ela) plus -m.

There is a table with three examples below: "cantar" ("to sing"), "comer" ("to eat") and "partir" ("to leave").

Tense	Person	1st conjugation	2nd conjugation	3rd conjugation
Present indicative	eu	canto	como	parto
	você	canta	come	parte
	ele/ela	canta	come	parte
	nós	cantamos	comemos	partimos
	vocês	cantam	comem	partem
	eles/elas	cantam	comem	partem
Infinitive		cantar	comer	partir

There are below six examples of common verbs (with regular present indicative tense) for each conjugation.

Common verbs (regular present indicative tense)
1st conjugation (–ar)	2nd conjugation (–er)	3rd conjugation (–ir)
trabalhar, to work descansar, to rest ensinar, to teach sentar, to sit down levantar, to get up, to rise fechar, to close	comer, to eat beber, to drink viver, to live morrer, to die aprender, to learn receber, to receive	decidir, to decide permitir, to allow proibir, to forbid abrir, to open existir, to exist, there to be assistir, to watch, to assist

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