Persian/Lesson 13

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In this lesson, you will learn about personal clitics used after noun phrases, alternative pronomial direct objects as clitics, and differences between spoken and written forms.

Dialogue: ... ‹...›

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Explanation

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Vocabulary

• ...  ‹......› IPA:  /...ˈ.../... — “...”

درس 13

ق چ

زيبا دوچرخه سواري را دوست دارد

قاشق – lepel

بشقاب – bord

سفره – tafelkleed

اتاق – kamer

دوچرخه – fiets

چاي – thee

پيچ – schroef

سفت – zacht

آوردن – brengen

ريختن – schenken

آچار – gereedschap

باز – open

بسته – dicht

دوچرخه سواري كردن – fietsen, (werkwoord)

قند – suikerklontje

شيرين – zoet

زيبا – mooi, ook een meisjesnaam

خراب – kapot

دانستن – weten, (werkwoord)

امين واكرم به مادر خود كمك مي كنند – Amin en Akram helpen hun eigen moeder

اكرم سفره و قاشق و بشقاب را به اتاق مياورد – Akram brengt het bord, de lepel en het tafelkleed naar de kamer

مادر زيبا چاي درست كرد – De moeder van Ziba zet thee

زيبا دوچرخه سواري را دوست دارد – Ziba houdt van fietsen

تكليف. شب. – Huiswerk

جمله بسازيد . دوچرخه . قاشق . چاي . – Een zin maken

فعل بسازيد . مي داند . مي آورد. ريختن - werkwoord vervoegen

Personal clitics with noun phrases

Grammar: (bound) personal enclitics after (singular or plural) noun phrase:

• After consonant: /am/, /at/, /aš/, /emân/, /etân/, /ešân/
• After و or ا, /yam/, /yat/...
• After ه or ی, singular suffixes are spelled with leading zwnj+ا.

Often expresses possession /pedaram/ ("my father"), /dust-e xubam/ ("my good friend")

alternative pronomial direct objects as enclitics

Colloquial

Differences between spoken and written forms

• written را colloquially ‹o› or ‹ro›. With possessive endings:
  • کتابم را به او دادم ‹ketâbamow be u dâdam› (“I gave my book to him.”)
  • کتابت را به او دادم ‹ketâbatow be u dâdam› (“I gave your book to him.”)
  • کتابش را به او دادم ‹ketâbašow be u dâdam› (“I gave her book to him.”)
  • کتابمان را به او دادم ‹ketâbemunow be u dâdam› (“I gave our book to him.”)
  • کتابتان را به او دادم ‹ketâbetunow be u dâdam› (“I gave your book to him.”)
  • کتابشان را به او دادم ‹ketâbašunow be u dâdam› (“I gave their book to him.”)
• colloquial ‹e›, ‹s› for است
• colloquial verb endings: ه ‹eh›
• written ان ‹ân› vs spoken ‹un›, but not in خانم ‹xânom›

Colloquially, when ‹â› comes before ‹a›, the latter elides:

• دست‌هایم ‹dasthâyam› (“my hands”) pronounced ‹dastâm›
• پایم ‹pâyam› (“my foot”) pronounced ‹pâm›

Notes

Next: Lesson 14 ( ۱۴ ), Light verbs

Continue to Lesson 14 ( ۱۴ ), Light verbs >>

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