Neo-Quenya/Exceptional stems

< Neo-Quenya

Words with misguiding final letter

Following words look as words on \6 -r but they are in fact words on \8 -s:

They only have a final \6 -r in the nominative singular, in all other cases they are declined as aY8 cos (see Declension Paradigms).

And these words look as words on \8 -s but they are really words on \1 -t:

They only have a final \8 -s in the nominative singular, in all other cases they are declined as iD7E1 sarat (see Declension Paradigms).

Doubled t-stems

doubled stems in ts

When these words end in \1 -t we don’t find a genuine doubling but rather an extra \8 -s:

Also some words in \8 -s belong to this group:

And one exceptional word in \`V -ë:

These words have a special locative and possessive singular, and they all have a u-dual:

Singular Plural Dual Partitive Plural
Nominative 9Rj$1
helet		 9Rj$1T+
heletsi		 9Rj$1U+
heletsu		 9Rj$1iRj%
heletseli
Genitive 9Rj$1Y+
heletso		 9Rj$1iG`N5
heletsion		 9Rj$1iJ`N
heletsuo		 9Rj$1iRj%`N5
heletselion
Possessive 9Rj$1nE
heletwa		 9Rj$1iGyE
heletsiva		 9Rj$1iJyE
heletsuva		 9Rj$1iRj~ByE
heletselíva
Dative 9Rj$1iR5
heletsen		 9Rj$1iG5
heletsin		 9Rj$1iJ5
heletsun		 9Rj$1iRj%5
heletselin
Ablative 9Rj$1iRj°^
heletsello		 9Rj$1iGj°^5
heletsillon		 9Rj$1iGj°^6
heletsillor		 9Rj$1iJj°^
heletsullo		 9Rj$1iRj%j°^5
heletselillon		 9Rj$1iRj%j°^6
heletselillor
Allative 9Rj$1iR5"#
heletsenna		 9Rj$1iG5"#6
heletsinnar		 9Rj$1iJ5"#
heletsunna		 9Rj$1iRj%5"#
heletselinna		 9Rj$1iRj%5"#6
heletselinna
Locative 9Rj$1R+
heletsë		 9Rj$1iG,R5
heletsissen		 9Rj$1iJ,R
heletsussë		 9Rj$1iRj%,R
heletselissë		 9Rj$1iRj%,R5
heletselissen
Instrumental 9Rj$1iR5$5
heletsenen		 9Rj$1iG5$5
heletsinen		 9Rj$1iJ5$5
heletsunen		 9Rj$1iRj~B5$5
heletselínen
Respective 9Rj$1iR8
heletses		 9Rj$1iG8
heletsis		 9Rj$1iJ8
heletsus		 9Rj$1iRj%8
heletselis

doubled stems in tt

doubled stems in ht

Vowel shortening

In some nouns a long vowel is shortened in the stem-form, but otherwise they are declined as if they didn't have that long vowel in the nominative singular.

^ The normal word for blood is iR6aF sercë.

The word hÍ~V5 yén "Elvish year" is an exception, as its stem-form also has a long ~V é: hÍ~V5% yéni.

Vowel lengthening

In a few words we find the reverse situation. But they are all proper names:

Vowel changing

In some words the vowel completely changes. The most frequent words are the U-stems and the I-stems.

There are 2 words that have a stem-forms in \`C –a but a nominative in \`N –o:

Note: 7.DaY rauco is in singular and dual a U-stem.

There are also 2 words on \`C\ –a with a stem-form on \`B\ –i:

Words with exceptional connecting vowels

As we have seen: when a case-ending that begins with a consonant, is applied to a noun ending in a consonant we add an \`V\ –e– between the stem and the ending, e.g.

There are however four words that have a different connecting vowel: With \`N\ –o–

so we find e.g.

With \`C\ –a–

so we find e.g.

Irregular stem-forms

First a group of connected words: All words that denote a "room" end on \iD5 –san. This is derived from iDw$ sambë "room", e.g.:

These two words also belong to this group:

But some words are totally irregular:

Some words resemble 2-letter words, but they have a stem-form:

The possessive singular of these words always ends on -va, the genitive on -vo:

>> Neo-Quenya >> Nouns >> Stem-forms >> Exceptional stems

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