Linguistics/Further reading

General linguistics

• Wikipedia's article on linguistics
• The Language Instinct by Steven Pinker

Phonetics

• Acoustics
• Signal Processing/Fourier Analysis

Typology

• Maddieson, Ian (1984). Patterns of Sounds. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-26536-3. 
• Language Universals and Linguistic Typology, by Bernard Comrie

Orthography

• Robinson, Andrew (1995). The Story of Writing. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd. ISBN 0-500-28156-4. 

Psycholinguistics and Language Acquisition

• Roeper, Thomas (2007). The Prism of Grammar. MIT press. ISBN 0262182521. 

Computational Linguistics

• Charniak, Eugene (1996). Statistical Language Learning. MIT Press. ISBN 0262531410. 

Creoles

• Bickerton, Derek (2008). Bastard Tongues. Hill and Wang. ISBN 0809028174. 

Evolution of Language

• Bickerton, Derek (2009). Adam's Tongue. Hill and Wang. ISBN 9780809022816. 

Sociolinguistics

• Labov, W. (2001). Principles of Linguistic Changes: Social Factors. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
• Lakoff, Robin T. (2000). The Language War. Berkely, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21666-0
• Meyerhoff, Miriam. (2006). Introducing Sociolinguistics. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-39948-3
• Milroy, Lesley and Gordon. Matthew. (2003) Sociolinguistics: Method and Interpretation London: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-22225-1. (More advanced, but has lots of good examples and describes research methodologies to use.)
• Paulston, Christina Bratt and G. Richard Tucker, editors. 1997. The early days of sociolinguistics: memories and reflections.‭(Publications in Sociolinguistics, 2.) Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
• Trudgill, Peter. (2000). Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society(4th Ed.). London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-028921-6 This book is a very readable, if Anglo-centric, introduction for the non-linguist.
• Watts, Richard J. (2003). Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-79406-0. A sociolinguistics book specializing in the research in politeness. It's a little tough at times, but very helpful and informational.