Algorithm Implementation/Sorting/Smoothsort
< Algorithm Implementation < SortingC++
This implementation of Smoothsort is substantially different (in presentation) from Dijkstra's original one, having undergone some serious refactoring.
In order to keep the code as tidy as possible given the inherent complexity of the algorithm, the helper functions are isolated in an anonymous namespace.
In practice, the three sections below would be concatenated in the given order in a separate source file (say, smoothsort.cpp).
Last but not least, the code uses the long long unsigned type, which is a gcc extension (no, it isn't). On installations where gcc is unavailable, replace with unsigned long (it only affects the maximun size of the arrays which can be sorted).
Prototypes and forward declarations
/**
** SmoothSort function template + helper functions.
**
** Formal type T should have a comparison operator >= with prototype:
**
** bool T::operator >= (const T &) const throw ();
**
** which should compare its arguments by the given relation
** (possibly taking advantage of the type itself).
**
**
**/
/** Sort an array in ascending order. **/
template <typename T>
void smoothsort (T *, unsigned) throw ();
namespace
/**
** Helper function's local namespace (declarations).
**
**/
{
class LeonardoNumber
/**
** Helper class for manipulation of Leonardo numbers
**
**/
{
public:
/** Default ctor. **/
LeonardoNumber (void) throw () : b (1), c (1)
{ return; }
/** Copy ctor. **/
LeonardoNumber (const LeonardoNumber & _l) throw () : b (_l.b), c (_l.c)
{ return; }
/**
** Return the "gap" between the actual Leonardo number and the
** preceding one.
**/
unsigned gap (void) const throw ()
{ return b - c; }
/** Perform an "up" operation on the actual number. **/
LeonardoNumber & operator ++ (void) throw ()
{ unsigned s = b; b = b + c + 1; c = s; return * this; }
/** Perform a "down" operation on the actual number. **/
LeonardoNumber & operator -- (void) throw ()
{ unsigned s = c; c = b - c - 1; b = s; return * this; }
/** Return "companion" value. **/
unsigned operator ~ (void) const throw ()
{ return c; }
/** Return "actual" value. **/
operator unsigned (void) const throw ()
{ return b; }
private:
unsigned b; /** Actual number. **/
unsigned c; /** Companion number. **/
};
/** Perform a "sift up" operation. **/
template <typename T>
inline void sift (T *, unsigned, LeonardoNumber) throw ();
/** Perform a "semi-trinkle" operation. **/
template <typename T>
inline void semitrinkle (T *, unsigned, unsigned long long, LeonardoNumber) throw ();
/** Perform a "trinkle" operation. **/
template <typename T>
inline void trinkle (T *, unsigned, unsigned long long, LeonardoNumber) throw ();
}
Main body
template <typename T>
void smoothsort (T * _m, unsigned _n) throw ()
/**
** Sorts the given array in ascending order.
**
** Usage: smoothsort (<array>, <size>)
**
** Where: <array> pointer to the first element of the array in question.
** <size> length of the array to be sorted.
**
**
**/
{
if (!(_m && _n)) return;
unsigned long long p = 1;
LeonardoNumber b;
for (unsigned q = 0; ++q < _n ; ++p)
if (p % 8 == 3)
{
sift<T> (_m, q - 1, b);
++++b; p >>= 2;
}
else if (p % 4 == 1)
{
if (q + ~b < _n) sift<T> (_m, q - 1, b);
else trinkle<T> (_m, q - 1, p, b);
for (p <<= 1; --b > 1; p <<= 1) ;
}
trinkle<T> (_m, _n - 1, p, b);
for (--p; _n-- > 1; --p)
if (b == 1)
for ( ; !(p % 2); p >>= 1) ++b;
else if (b >= 3)
{
if (p) semitrinkle<T> (_m, _n - b.gap (), p, b);
--b; p <<= 1; ++p;
semitrinkle<T> (_m, _n - 1, p, b);
--b; p <<= 1; ++p;
}
return;
}
Helper functions
namespace
/**
** Helper function's local namespace (definitions).
**
**/
{
template <typename T>
inline void sift (T * _m, unsigned _r, LeonardoNumber _b) throw ()
/**
** Sifts up the root of the stretch in question.
**
** Usage: sift (<array>, <root>, <number>)
**
** Where: <array> Pointer to the first element of the array in
** question.
** <root> Index of the root of the array in question.
** <number> Current Leonardo number.
**
**
**/
{
unsigned r2;
while (_b >= 3)
{
if (_m [_r - _b.gap ()] >= _m [_r - 1])
r2 = _r - _b.gap ();
else
{ r2 = _r - 1; --_b; }
if (_m [_r] >= _m [r2]) break;
else
{ swap(_m [_r], _m [r2]); _r = r2; --_b; }
}
return;
}
template <typename T>
inline void semitrinkle (T * _m, unsigned _r, unsigned long long _p,
LeonardoNumber _b) throw ()
/**
** Trinkles the roots of the stretches of a given array and root when the
** adjacent stretches are trusty.
**
** Usage: semitrinkle (<array>, <root>, <standard_concat>, <number>)
**
** Where: <array> Pointer to the first element of the array in
** question.
** <root> Index of the root of the array in question.
** <standard_concat> Standard concatenation's codification.
** <number> Current Leonardo number.
**
**
**/
{
if (_m [_r - ~_b] >= _m [_r])
{
swap(_m [_r], _m [_r - ~_b]);
trinkle<T> (_m, _r - ~_b, _p, _b);
}
return;
}
template <typename T>
inline void trinkle (T * _m, unsigned _r, unsigned long long _p,
LeonardoNumber _b) throw ()
/**
** Trinkles the roots of the stretches of a given array and root.
**
** Usage: trinkle (<array>, <root>, <standard_concat>, <number>)
**
** Where: <array> Pointer to the first element of the array in
** question.
** <root> Index of the root of the array in question.
** <standard_concat> Standard concatenation's codification.
** <number> Current Leonardo number.
**
**
**/
{
while (_p)
{
for ( ; !(_p % 2); _p >>= 1) ++_b;
if (!--_p || (_m [_r] >= _m [_r - _b])) break;
else
if (_b == 1)
{ swap(_m [_r], _m [_r - _b]); _r -= _b; }
else if (_b >= 3)
{
unsigned r2 = _r - _b.gap (), r3 = _r - _b;
if (_m [_r - 1] >= _m [r2])
{ r2 = _r - 1; _p <<= 1; --_b; }
if (_m [r3] >= _m [r2])
{ swap(_m [_r], _m [r3]); _r = r3; }
else
{ swap(_m [_r], _m [r2]); _r = r2; --_b; break; }
}
}
sift<T> (_m, _r, _b);
return;
}
}
C
#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>
/* Begin user-defined types and functions */
/* Type to sort (null-terminated string literals in this case) */
typedef const char *value_t;
/*
* Function that returns qsort-like comparison for parameters. A negative value
* would indicate that a goes before b, a positive value would indicate that a
* goes after b, and zero indicates that the elements are equivalent in order.
* An equivalent function for arithmetic types (e.g. int) would look like this:
static int cmp(value_t a, value_t b) {
return a - b;
}
*/
static int cmp(value_t a, value_t b) {
return strcmp(a, b);
}
/* End user-defined types and functions */
struct state {
value_t *a;
size_t q, r, p, b, c, r1, b1, c1;
};
#if __STDC_VERSION__ < 199901L
# define inline /* Silently prune inline qualifiers away for ANSI C */
#endif
static inline void up(size_t *a, size_t *b) {
size_t tmp;
tmp = *a;
*a += *b + 1;
*b = tmp;
}
static inline void down(size_t *a, size_t *b) {
size_t tmp;
tmp = *b;
*b = *a - *b - 1;
*a = tmp;
}
static void sift(struct state *s) {
size_t r0, r2;
value_t tmp;
r0 = s->r1;
tmp = s->a[r0];
while (s->b1 > 2) {
r2 = s->r1 - s->b1 + s->c1;
if (cmp(s->a[s->r1 - 1], s->a[r2]) >= 0) {
r2 = s->r1 - 1;
down(&s->b1, &s->c1);
}
if (cmp(s->a[r2], tmp) < 0) {
s->b1 = 1;
} else {
s->a[s->r1] = s->a[r2];
s->r1 = r2;
down(&s->b1, &s->c1);
}
}
if (s->r1 - r0 > 0) {
s->a[s->r1] = tmp;
}
}
static void trinkle(struct state *s) {
size_t p1, r0, r2, r3;
value_t tmp;
p1 = s->p;
s->b1 = s->b;
s->c1 = s->c;
r0 = s->r1;
tmp = s->a[r0];
while (p1 > 0) {
while ((p1 & 1) == 0) {
p1 >>= 1;
up(&s->b1, &s->c1);
}
r3 = s->r1 - s->b1;
if (p1 == 1 || cmp(s->a[r3], tmp) < 0) {
p1 = 0;
} else {
p1--;
if (s->b1 == 1) {
s->a[s->r1] = s->a[r3];
s->r1 = r3;
} else if (s->b1 >= 3) {
r2 = s->r1 - s->b1 + s->c1;
if (cmp(s->a[s->r1 - 1], s->a[r2]) >= 0) {
r2 = s->r1 - 1;
down(&s->b1, &s->c1);
p1 <<= 1;
}
if (cmp(s->a[r2], s->a[r3]) < 0) {
s->a[s->r1] = s->a[r3];
s->r1 = r3;
} else {
s->a[s->r1] = s->a[r2];
s->r1 = r2;
down(&s->b1, &s->c1);
p1 = 0;
}
}
}
}
if (s->r1 - r0 != 0) {
s->a[s->r1] = tmp;
}
sift(s);
}
static void semitrinkle(struct state *s) {
value_t tmp;
s->r1 = s->r - s->c;
if (cmp(s->a[s->r1], s->a[s->r]) >= 0) {
tmp = s->a[s->r];
s->a[s->r] = s->a[s->r1];
s->a[s->r1] = tmp;
trinkle(s);
}
}
void smoothsort(value_t *a, size_t n) {
struct state s;
size_t tmp;
s.a = a;
s.r = 0;
s.p = s.b = s.c = 1;
/* Build tree */
for (s.q = 1; s.q < n; s.q++) {
s.r1 = s.r;
if ((s.p & 7) == 3) {
s.b1 = s.b;
s.c1 = s.c;
sift(&s);
s.p = (s.p + 1) >> 2;
/* Two "up"s, saves us a little time */
tmp = s.b + s.c + 1;
s.b += tmp + 1;
s.c = tmp;
} else if ((s.p & 3) == 1) {
if (s.q + s.c < n) {
s.b1 = s.b;
s.c1 = s.c;
sift(&s);
} else {
trinkle(&s);
}
do {
down(&s.b, &s.c);
s.p <<= 1;
} while (s.b > 1);
s.p++;
}
s.r++;
}
s.r1 = s.r;
trinkle(&s);
/* Build sorted array */
while (s.q-- > 1) {
if (s.b == 1) {
s.r--;
s.p--;
while((s.p & 1) == 0) {
s.p >>= 1;
up(&s.b, &s.c);
}
} else if (s.b > 2) {
s.p--;
s.r = s.r - s.b + s.c;
if (s.p > 0) {
semitrinkle(&s);
}
down(&s.b, &s.c);
s.p = (s.p << 1) + 1;
s.r += s.c;
semitrinkle(&s);
down(&s.b, &s.c);
s.p = (s.p << 1) + 1;
}
/* element q processed */
}
/* element 0 processed */
}
/*
* Example main:
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, const char **argv) {
const char *a[] = {
"the",
"quick",
"brown",
"fox",
"jumps",
"over",
"the",
"lazy",
"dog"
};
size_t i;
smoothsort(a, sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]));
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]); i++) {
puts(a[i]);
}
return 0;
}
*/
Delphi
unit USmoothsort;
{ Delphi implementation of Dijkstra's algorithm }
interface
type TItem = Double; { data type }
function IsAscending(v1,v2: TItem): boolean; { comparison function }
{ sorting function }
procedure SmoothSort(var A: array of TItem);
implementation
{ customizable comparison function }
function IsAscending(v1,v2: TItem): boolean;
begin
result := v1<=v2;
end;
{ implementation of Djikstra's algorithm }
procedure SmoothSort(var A: array of TItem);
var q,r,
p,b,c,
r1,b1,c1,
N: integer;
procedure up(var vb,vc: integer);
var temp: integer;
begin
temp := vb;
vb := vb+vc+1;
vc := temp;
end;
procedure down(var vb,vc: integer);
var temp: integer;
begin
temp := vc;
vc := vb-vc-1;
vb := temp;
end;
procedure sift;
var r0, r2: integer;
T: TItem;
begin
r0 := r1;
T := A[r0];
while b1>=3 do
begin
r2 := r1-b1+c1;
if not IsAscending(A[r1-1],A[r2]) then
begin
r2 := r1-1;
down(b1,c1);
end;
if IsAscending(A[r2],T) then b1 := 1 else
begin
A[r1] := A[r2];
r1 := r2;
down(b1,c1);
end;
end;
if r1<>r0 then A[r1] := T;
end;
procedure trinkle;
var p1,r2,r3, r0 : integer;
T: TItem;
begin
p1 := p; b1 := b; c1 := c;
r0 := r1;
T := A[r0];
while p1>0 do
begin
while (p1 and 1)=0 do
begin
p1 := p1 shr 1; up(b1,c1);
end;
r3 := r1-b1;
if (p1=1) or IsAscending(A[r3],T) then p1 := 0 else
{p1>1}
begin
p1 := p1 - 1;
if b1=1 then
begin
A[r1] := A[r3];
r1 := r3;
end else
if b1>=3 then
begin
r2 := r1-b1+c1;
if not IsAscending(A[r1-1],A[r2]) then
begin
r2 := r1-1;
down(b1,c1); p1 := p1 shl 1;
end;
if IsAscending(A[r2],A[r3]) then
begin
A[r1] := A[r3];
r1 := r3;
end else
begin
A[r1] := A[r2];
r1 := r2;
down(b1,c1); p1 := 0;
end;
end;{if b1>=3}
end;{if p1>1}
end;{while}
if r0<>r1 then A[r1] := T;
sift;
end;
procedure semitrinkle;
var T: TItem;
begin
r1 := r-c;
if not IsAscending(A[r1],A[r]) then
begin
T := A[r];
A[r] := A[r1];
A[r1] := T;
trinkle;
end;
end;
begin
N := length(A);
q := 1; r := 0;
p := 1; b := 1; c := 1;
//building tree
while q < N do
begin
r1 := r;
if (p and 7) = 3 then
begin
b1 := b; c1 := c; sift;
p := (p+1) shr 2; up(b,c); up(b,c);
end
else if (p and 3) = 1 then
begin
if q + c < N then
begin
b1 := b; c1 := c; sift;
end else trinkle;
down(b,c); p := p shl 1;
while b > 1 do
begin
down(b,c); p := p shl 1;
end;
p := p+1;
end;
q := q + 1; r := r + 1;
end;
r1 := r; trinkle;
//bulding sorted array
while q>1 do
begin
q := q - 1;
if b = 1 then
begin
r := r - 1;
p := p - 1;
while (p and 1) = 0 do
begin
p := p shr 1; up(b,c);
end;
end else
if b >= 3 then
begin
p := p - 1; r := r-b+c;
if p > 0 then semitrinkle;
down(b,c); p := p shl 1 + 1;
r := r+c; semitrinkle;
down(b,c); p := p shl 1 + 1;
end;
//element q is done
end;
//element 0 is done
end;
end.
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