Tranexamic acid

Background
  • Action: Antifibrinolytic agent
  • Competitive inhibitor of plasminogen activation to plasmin
  • Dosing Availability:
    • Ampule of 1 Gm in 10 mL

Indication

Severely bleeding trauma patient, systolic blood pressure of <90 and/or heart rate > 110 beats/min, with expected requirement for massive transfusion.

Contraindication/Exclusion Criteria
  • Greater than 3 hours from injury
  • Known sensitivity to TXA
  • Previous DVTor Pulmonary Embolism

Administration

Adult dose

Total of 2 Grams

  • Initial bolus of 1 Gm over 10 minutes (Slow IV push). Draw up with filter needle.
  • Maintenance: additional 1 Gm over next 8 hours (mix in 50 mL of NS). Call Pharmacy to mix and deliver the continuous infusion.[1]

Pediatric dose

Weight based

  • Initial bolus of 20mg/kg IV Bolus over 10 minutes
  • Maintenance: 10 mL/kg/hr over next 8 hours

No additional laboratory tests required.

Adverse Reactions
  • Thrombotic events
  • Hypotensionwith rapid injection
  • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
  • Impaired color vision and other visual disturbances

See Also

References
  1. CRASH-2 collaborators, Roberts I, Shakur H, Afolabi A, Brohi K, Coats T, Dewan Y, Gando S, Guyatt G, Hunt BJ, Morales C, Perel P, Prieto-Merino D, Woolley T. The importance of early treatment with tranexamic acid in bleeding trauma patients: an exploratory analysis of the CRASH-2 randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2011 Mar 26;377(9771):1096-101,
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