Rhinovirus

Background
  • Most common cause for the common cold, especially during spring/summer/fall
  • Adapted to grow in temperatures between 33–35 °C (91–95 °F) which are found in the nose [1]
  • Among the smallest viruses, ssRNA
  • Transmitted via respiratory droplets or contact either direct or through fomite

Clinical Features
  • Common cold/URI
  • Sinusitis
  • Acute otitis media
  • Exacerbations of chronic pulmonary disease
  • Bronchiolitis in infants/children
  • Pneumonia in elderly and immunocompromised adults
  • Croup, less common than parainfluenza

Differential Diagnosis

Viral respiratory illness also caused by:

  • Adenovirus
  • Coronaviruses
  • Influenza viruses (predominant during winter months)
  • Parainfluenza viruses
  • Enteroviruses
  • Human metapneumoviruses
  • RSV

Evaluation
  • Clinical diagnosis
  • PCR testing available

Management
  • Supportive care only
  • No vaccine available
  • Prevention through "social distancing", respiratory masks, and hand hygiene

See Also

References
  1. Jacobs SE, Lamson DM, George KS, and Walsh TJ. Human rhinoviruses. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. Jan 2013; 26(1): 135-162.
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