Oxygen therapy

Standard Administration Options

Device	L/min	% Oxygen	Comments
Nasal Cannula	1	24%
	2	28%
	3	32%
	4	36%
	5	40%
	6	44%
Venturi mask		24-50%	Increasing flow will not alter FiO2
Oxygen tent	10-15	21-50%	Used mainly on children with croup or pneumonia
Simple mask	5-15	35-55%	Never used at flows less than 5 L/min to prevent rebreathing of CO2
Trach mask	10-15	35-60%	Adequate flow shown by mist flowing out the exhalation port at all times
Partial rebreathing mask	8-15	35-60%	Flow rate must be sufficient to keep bag 1/3 to 1/2 inflated at all times
Aerosol mask	8-15	21-99%
Non-rebreathing mask	8-15 (or max)	60-99%	Flow rate must be sufficient to keep bag 1/3 to 1/2 inflated at all times

Different Setup to low-flow O2 therapy
Good for hypoxemic respiratory failure
Every 10L/min is similar to 1mmHg PEEP
Set flow and FiO2%
Adults
- Flow - start with 0.5 L/kg/min (Max 60L)
- FiO2 - start with 100% and taper down from there
Pediatrics
- FiO2 - Start 40% and titrate up
- Flow - based on their age and weight.
  - <1 yr - 2 L/kg/min.
  - >1yr - 1 L/kg/min.

Two methods of administration[1]
1. Small, single-occupant chamber filled with 100% oxygen and pressurized to desired level
2. Large, multi-occupant chamber filled with room air and pressurized to desired level - occupants breathe supplemental oxygen at ambient pressure via mask
Rationale for use[1]
- At normal pressures (even with supplemental oxygen administration), very little oxygen is dissolved in plasma
- When oxygen provided at 3 ATA, there is enough oxygen dissolved in plasma to oxygenate all body tissues without resorting to hemoglobin-bound oxygen

Bitterman H. Bench-to-bedside review: Oxygen as a drug. Critical Care. 2009;13(1):205. doi:10.1186/cc7151.

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