Mycobacterium avium

Background

  • Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) refers to species M. avium and M. intracellulare

Clinical Features

  • MAC primarily affects immunocompromised patients
  • Most commonly affects lungs
  • May present as: disseminated infection, lymphadenitis, abscess (cutaneous or brain)

Antibiotic Sensitivities[1]

Category Antibiotic Sensitivity
PenicillinsPenicillin GX1
Penicillin VX1
Anti-Staphylocccal PenicillinsMethicillinX1
Nafcillin/OxacillinX1
Cloxacillin/Diclox.X1
Amino-PenicillinsAMP/AmoxX1
Amox-ClavX1
AMP-SulbX1
Anti-Pseudomonal PenicillinsTicarcillinX1
Ticar-ClavX1
Pip-TazoX1
PiperacillinX1
CarbapenemsDoripenemX1
ErtapenemX1
ImipenemX1
MeropenemX1
AztreonamX1
FluroquinolonesCiprofloxacinX1
OfloxacinX1
PefloxacinX1
LevofloxacinX1
MoxifloxacinX1
GemifloxacinX1
GatifloxacinX1
1st G CephaloCefazolinX1
2nd G. CephaloCefotetanX1
CefoxitinX1
CefuroximeX1
3rd/4th G. CephaloCefotaximeX1
CefizoximeX1
CefTRIAXoneX1
CeftarolineX1
CefTAZidimeX1
CefepimeX1
Oral 1st G. CephaloCefadroxilX1
CephalexinX1
Oral 2nd G. CephaloCefaclor/LoracarbefX1
CefproxilX1
Cefuroxime axetilX1
Oral 3rd G. CephaloCefiximeX1
CeftibutenX1
Cefpodox/Cefdinir/CefditorenX1
AminoglycosidesGentamicinX1
TobramycinX1
AmikacinS
ChloramphenicolX1
ClindamycinX1
MacrolidesErythromycinX1
AzithromycinS
ClarithromycinS
KetolideTelithromycinX1
TetracyclinesDoxycyclineR
MinocyclineR
GlycylcyclineTigecyclineR
DaptomycinX1
Glyco/LipoclycopeptidesVancomycinX1
TeicoplaninX1
TelavancinX1
Fusidic AcidX1
TrimethoprimX1
TMP-SMXX1
Urinary AgentsNitrofurantoinX1
FosfomycinX1
OtherRifampinX1
MetronidazoleR
Quinupristin dalfoppristinR
LinezolidR
ColistimethateX1

Key

  • S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
  • I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
  • R resistant (or not effective clinically)
  • S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
  • U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
  • X1 no data
  • X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
  • X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
  • X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia

Table Overview

See Also

References

  1. Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014
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