Gram negative bacteria
Cocci
Aerobic
- Diplococcus
- Cocco-bacillus
Anaerobic
- Veillonella spp
Rods (Bacilli)
Aerobic
- Lactose fermenting (Lactose positive)
- Enterobacter spp
- Escherichia coli
- Klebsiella spp
- Citrobacter spp^
- Serratia spp^
- Non lactose-fermenting (Lactose negative)
- Oxidase (-)
- Acinetobacter spp
- Burkholderia spp
- E. coli
- Proteus spp
- Salmonella spp
- Shigella spp
- Serratia spp^
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
- Oxidase (+)
- P. aeruginosa
- Aeromonas spp.
- Oxidase (-)
Anaerobic
- Bacteroides spp,
- Fusobacterium spp,
- Prevotella spp.
^Serratia and Citrobacter spp can appear initially as non-lactose fermenting due to slow fermentation
Interpretations of Key Phrases
- “Gram negative coccobacilli” may suggest Haemophilus species
- “Lactose-positive gram negative rods” may suggest Enterobacteriaceae, such as E. coli, Klebsiella, or Enterobacter spp
- “Lactose-negative gram negative rods” may suggest Pseudomonas
Gram Negative Antibiogram
| Category | Organism | N. gonorrhoeae | N. meningitidis | Moraxella catarrhalis | H. influenzae | E. coli | Klebsiella sp | E. coli/Klebsiella ESBL+ | E coli/Klebsiella KPC+ | Enterobacter sp, AmpC neg | Enterobacter sp, AmpC pos | Serratia sp | Serratia marcescens | Salmonella sp | Shigella sp | Proteus mirabilis | Proteus vulgaris | Providencia sp. | Morganella sp. | Citrobacter freundii | Citrobacter diversus | Citrobacter sp. | Aeromonas sp | Acinetobacter sp. | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Burkholderia cepacia | Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | Yersinia enterocolitica | Francisella tularensis | Brucella sp. | Legionella sp. | Pasteurella multocida | Haemophilus ducreyi | Vibrio vulnificus |
| Penicillins | Penicillin G | R | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | R | S | S | X1 |
| Penicillin V | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | R | S | X1 | X1 | |
| Anti-Staphylocccal Penicillins | Methicillin | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | R | R | X1 | X1 |
| Nafcillin/Oxacillin | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | R | R | X1 | X1 | |
| Cloxacillin/Diclox. | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | R | R | X1 | X1 | |
| Amino-Penicillins | AMP/Amox | R | S | R | I | I | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | I | I | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | R | S | R | X1 |
| Amox-Clav | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | I | R | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | I | X1 | X1 | R | S | S | X1 | |
| AMP-Sulb | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | R | S | S | R | R | R | I | X1 | X1 | R | S | S | X1 | |
| Anti-Pseudomonal Penicillins | Ticarcillin | X2 | S | R | I | I | R | R | R | S | S | R | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | R | X1 | I | X1 | X1 | R | S | X1 | X1 |
| Ticar-Clav | X2 | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | S | S | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | I | S | X1 | S | S | X1 | X1 | R | S | X1 | X1 | |
| Pip-Tazo | X2 | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | S | S | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | I | S | X1 | I | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | |
| Piperacillin | X2 | S | I | I | S | S | R | R | S | S | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | X1 | I | S | X1 | X1 | R | S | X1 | X1 | |
| Carbapenems | Doripenem | X2 | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | I | S | I | R | S | X1 | X1 | R | S | X1 | X1 |
| Ertapenem | X2 | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | S | X1 | X1 | |
| Imipenem | X2 | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | I | S | R | R | S | X1 | X1 | R | S | X1 | X1 | |
| Meropenem | X2 | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | |
| Aztreonam | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | S | S | S | X1 | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | R | R | S | X1 | X1 | R | S | X1 | X1 | |
| Fluroquinolones | Ciprofloxacin | I | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | I | S | R | R | S | X1 | X1 | S | S | X1 | X1 |
| Ofloxacin | I | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | I | I | R | R | S | X1 | X1 | S | S | X1 | X1 | |
| Pefloxacin | I | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | S | X1 | X1 | S | S | X1 | X1 | |
| Levofloxacin | I | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | I | I | X1 | I | S | X1 | X1 | S | S | X1 | X1 | |
| Moxifloxacin | I | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | I | I | R | I | S | X1 | X1 | S | S | X1 | X1 | |
| Gemifloxacin | I | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | S | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | I | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | S | X1 | X1 | X1 | |
| Gatifloxacin | I | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | I | I | R | I | S | X1 | X1 | S | S | X1 | X1 | |
| 1st G Cephalo | Cefazolin | S | R | I | S | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 |
| 2nd G. Cephalo | Cefotetan | I | I | S | S | S | S | R | R | I | R | S | X1 | X1 | X1 | S | S | S | S | R | I | I | S | R | R | R | R | I | X1 | X1 | R | S | X1 | X1 |
| Cefoxitin | I | I | S | S | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | S | S | S | S | R | I | I | I | R | R | R | R | I | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | S | X1 | |
| Cefuroxime | I | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | I | R | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | S | S | R | I | R | I | I | S | R | R | R | R | I | X1 | X1 | R | S | X1 | X1 | |
| 3rd/4th G. Cephalo | Cefotaxime | I | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | S | R | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | I | R | S | X1 | X1 | R | S | S | X1 |
| Cefizoxime | I | I | S | S | S | S | R | R | S | R | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | R | R | I | R | S | X1 | X1 | R | S | S | X1 | |
| CefTRIAXone | I | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | S | R | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | I | R | S | X1 | X1 | R | S | S | X1 | |
| Ceftaroline | I | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | S | R | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | X1 | S | S | S | X1 | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | |
| CefTAZidime | I | I | S | S | S | S | R | R | S | R | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | I | S | S | I | I | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | S | X1 | |
| Cefepime | I | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | S | R | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | I | S | I | R | S | X1 | X1 | R | S | X1 | X1 | |
| Oral 1st G. Cephalo | Cefadroxil | R | R | R | X1 | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 |
| Cephalexin | R | R | R | R | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | X1 | X1 | |
| Oral 2nd G. Cephalo | Cefaclor/Loracarbef | I | I | I | S | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | S | R | R | R | R | R | I | X1 | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 |
| Cefproxil | I | I | S | S | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | |
| Cefuroxime axetil | I | I | S | S | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | S | R | S | I | R | X1 | I | X1 | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | |
| Oral 3rd G. Cephalo | Cefixime | S | I | S | S | S | S | R | R | R | R | I | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | X1 | S | S | R | R | R | R | S | X1 | X1 | R | S | S | X1 |
| Ceftibuten | I | I | S | S | S | S | R | R | I | R | I | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | S | S | S | R | R | S | R | S | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | |
| Cefpodox/Cefdinir/Cefditoren | S | X1 | S | S | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | S | S | S | I | X1 | R | R | X1 | S | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | S | X1 | X1 | |
| Aminoglycosides | Gentamicin | R | R | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | X1 | S | X1 | S | X1 | S | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | S | R | R | S | S | S+ | X1 | X1 | X1 | I |
| Tobramycin | R | R | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | X1 | S | X1 | S | X1 | S | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | S | R | R | S | S | S+ | X1 | X1 | X1 | I | |
| Amikacin | R | R | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | X1 | S | X1 | S | X1 | S | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | I | S | R | R | S | S | S+ | X1 | X1 | X1 | I | |
| Chloramphenicol | S | S | S | S | S | I | I | R | R | R | X1 | R | S | S | X1 | I | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | S | S | S | S | S | X1 | X1 | X2 | X2 | |
| Clindamycin | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X2 | X1 | |
| Macrolides | Erythromycin | I | X2 | I | I | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | S | X1 | S | X1 |
| Azithromycin | I | X2 | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | I | I | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | S | X1 | S | X1 | |
| Clarithromycin | I | X1 | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | S | X1 | X1 | X1 | |
| Ketolide | Telithromycin | X2 | X2 | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | X2 | X1 | X1 | X1 |
| Tetracyclines | Doxycycline | I | S | S | S | S | I | I | R | R | R | X1 | R | I | I | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | X2 | R | S | S | X2 | X1 | R | S+ |
| Minocycline | I | S | S | S | S | I | I | R | R | R | X1 | R | I | I | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | S | R | I | R | R | X1 | S | X2 | X1 | R | S+ | |
| Glycylcycline | Tigecycline | X2 | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | X1 | S | S | S | X1 | I | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | I | R | I | S | X1 | X1 | X1 | X2 | X1 | X1 | X1 |
| Daptomycin | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | |
| Glyco/Lipoclycopeptides | Vancomycin | R | R | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | R | X1 |
| Teicoplanin | R | R | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | |
| Telavancin | R | R | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | |
| Fusidic Acid | S | S | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | I | X1 | X1 | R | |
| Trimethoprim | R | I | X1 | I | S | I | I | R | I | I | X1 | R | I | I | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | S | R | X1 | X1 | X2 | S | X1 | R | X1 | |
| TMP-SMX | I | X2 | S | I | I | I | I | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | I | I | I | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | I | R | S | S | S | S | X2 | S | X1 | I | X1 | |
| Urinary Agents | Nitrofurantoin | S | X1 | X1 | X1 | S | I | X1 | R | I | I | X1 | R | S | S | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 |
| Fosfomycin | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | X1 | S | S | X1 | X1 | S | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | |
| Other | Rifampin | X2 | S | S | S | R | R | R | I | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | S | S+ | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 |
| Metronidazole | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | |
| Quinupristin dalfoppristin | X2 | R | S | I | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | R | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | |
| Linezolid | X1 | R | I | I | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | R | R | R | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | |
| Colistimethate | R | R | X1 | X1 | S | S | S | S | S | S | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | R | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | S | S | R | I | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 | X1 |
Table Overview
See Also
References
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