Gingival hyperplasia

Inflammatory Gingival Hyperplasia

Gingival Hyperplasia from Diltiazem

Background

Gingival Hyperplasia/hypertrophy main causes are inflammatory, drug-induced, or systemic

Inflammatory hyperplasia
- Gingivitis
- Poor oral hygiene and plaque retention
- Restorative and Orthodontic Applicances
Drug Induced hyperplasia[1]
- Anti-convulsants (Phenytoin, Valproate, etc.)
- Immunosuppressants (Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, etc.)
- Calcium channel blockers (Nifedipine, Amlodipine, etc.)
Congenital Hyperplasia
Systemic causes of Hyperplasia
- Leukemia
- Granulomatous disease
  - Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
  - Sarcoidosis
- Pyogenic granuloma
- Pregnancy
- Warts
- Lymphoproliferative disease (e.g. leukemia, lymphoma)
- Paraneoplastic syndrome
- Benign Neoplasms
  - Papilloma, Fibroma, Giant Cell granuloma
Periodontitis

Bharti V et al. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth: The nemesis of gingiva unravelled. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. 2013;17(2):182-187. doi:10.4103/0972-124X.113066.
Dahlen G et al. The effect of supragingival plaque control on the subgingival microbiota in subjects with periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1992;19:802–9.
Pundir AJ et al. Treatment of drug-induced gingival overgrowth by full-mouth disinfection: A non-surgical approach. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. 2014;18(3):311-315. doi:10.4103/0972-124X.134567.
Mavrogiannis M et al. The efficacy of three different surgical techniques in the management of drug-induced gingival overgrowth. J Clin Periodontol. 2006;33:677–82.

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