Ephedrine
Administration
- Type: Sympathomimetic, Pressors
- Dosage Forms:
- Routes of Administration: IV; ephedrine directly from ephedra plant may be consumed PO as component of traditional chinese medicine
- Common Trade Names:
Adult Dosing
- Hypotension in setting of analgesia: 5-10mg IV bolus, repeat prn, max dose 50mg
Pediatric Dosing
Safety/efficacy not established
Special Populations
Pregnancy Rating
- Fetal risk cannot be ruled out
Lactation risk
- Infant risk cannot be ruled out
Renal Dosing
- Adult: not established
Hepatic Dosing
- Adult: Not established
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- Closed angle glaucoma, Pheochromocytoma [1]
- Caution if using postpartum with concomitant oxytocics
- Caution in severe hypertension, history of cardiac disease
- Caution with concomitant use of norepi-dopa reuptake inhibitors (e.g. bupropion, Ritalin)
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- Severe hypertension
- Stroke
- Tachycardia, bradycardia
Common
- Hypertension
- Palpitations, Tachycardia
- Nausea/vomiting
- Dizziness, restlessness
Pharmacology
- Half-life: 6h
- Metabolism:
- Excretion: Renal
Mechanism of Action
- Sympathomimetic: stimulates both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
Comments
- Ephedrine in its natural plant form, known as má huáng (麻黄), used in traditional chinese medicine as decongestant, bronchodilator
- Ephedrine used historically (now illicitly) for weight-loss and recreationally as stimulant due to its' amphetamine-like properties
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