Citrobacter

Background

Citrobacter species are enteric gram-negative bacilli. They are normal human gut flora. They are mostly a nosocomial pathogen found in compromised hosts, patients over 60 years of age, and in neonates. Common infections are of the urinary tract, line infections, pneumonia, and in neonates CNS infections.

Antibiotic Sensitivities[1]

Category Antibiotic Citrobacter freundii Citrobacter diversus Other Citrobacter sp.
PenicillinsPenicillin GRRR
Penicillin VRRR
Anti-Staphylocccal PenicillinsMethicillinRRR
Nafcillin/OxacillinRRR
Cloxacillin/Diclox.RRR
Amino-PenicillinsAMP/AmoxRRR
Amox-ClavRRR
AMP-SulbRRR
Anti-Pseudomonal PenicillinsTicarcillinSSS
Ticar-ClavSSS
Pip-TazoSSS
PiperacillinSSS
CarbapenemsDoripenemSSS
ErtapenemSSS
ImipenemSSS
MeropenemSSS
AztreonamSSS
FluroquinolonesCiprofloxacinSSS
OfloxacinSSS
PefloxacinSSS
LevofloxacinSSS
MoxifloxacinSSS
GemifloxacinX1X1X1
GatifloxacinSSS
1st G CephaloCefazolinRRR
2nd G. CephaloCefotetanRII
CefoxitinRII
CefuroximeRII
3rd/4th G. CephaloCefotaximeSSS
CefizoximeRSS
CefTRIAXoneSSS
CeftarolineX1SS
CefTAZidimeRSS
CefepimeSSS
Oral 1st G. CephaloCefadroxilRRX1
CephalexinRRR
Oral 2nd G. CephaloCefaclor/LoracarbefRRI
CefproxilRRR
Cefuroxime axetilRX1I
Oral 3rd G. CephaloCefiximeRX1S
CeftibutenRSS
Cefpodox/Cefdinir/CefditorenRX1S
AminoglycosidesGentamicinX1X1X1
TobramycinX1X1X1
AmikacinX1X1X1
ChloramphenicolX1X1X1
ClindamycinX1X1X1
MacrolidesErythromycinX1X1X1
AzithromycinX1X1X1
ClarithromycinX1X1X1
KetolideTelithromycinX1X1X1
TetracyclinesDoxycyclineX1X1X1
MinocyclineX1X1X1
GlycylcyclineTigecyclineX1X1X1
DaptomycinX1X1X1
Glyco/LipoclycopeptidesVancomycinX1X1X1
TeicoplaninX1X1X1
TelavancinX1X1X1
Fusidic AcidX1X1X1
TrimethoprimX1X1X1
TMP-SMXX1X1X1
Urinary AgentsNitrofurantoinX1X1X1
FosfomycinX1X1X1
OtherRifampinX1X1X1
MetronidazoleX1X1X1
Quinupristin dalfoppristinX1X1X1
LinezolidX1X1X1
ColistimethateX1X1X1

Key

  • S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
  • I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
  • R resistant (or not effective clinically)
  • S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
  • U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
  • X1 no data
  • X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
  • X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
  • X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia

Table Overview

See Also

References

  1. Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014
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