The phenomenon of
irrationalism[?] and aestheticism was a reaction against
positivism from which
symbolism and
existentialism came. These phenomena opposed the
rationality of human beings[?] and concentrated on
Kant's "
noumenal realm[?]" while claiming
science to be inferior to
intuition.
Art had emerged as the gateway to the "
noumenal[?]," unfortunately, the working class was not involved in this movement and only
elitism -- a "
Mandarin elitism[?]" -- had access to the
art.